Investigating Myostatin (MSTN) as a potent inhibitor of skeletal muscle growth and development to produce excessive muscles is extremely essential for livestock breeding. This study aimed to analyze the expression of the MSTN gene and its relationships with genotype and phenotype (normal-muscled vs double-muscled) of Belgian Blue (BB) x Ongole Grade (PO) crossbred cattle. For that purpose, 12 animals from BB, PO, BB x PO F1, and BB x PO F2 cattle (3 animals each) raised at Balai Embrio Ternak (BET) Cipelang Bogor, West Java were used for blood sample collection. Genotyping analysis was performed using the PCR-RFLP method withprimer F: 5’-CTC TTC TTT CCT TTC CAT ACA GAC-3’ and R: 5’-AGG GGA AGA CCT TCC ATG TT-3’, while the MSTN gene expression was analyzed using the qPCR technique. As results, three genotypes: del.11/del.11, +/del.11, and +/+ were detected. The del.11/del.11 genotype, which showed a double-muscled phenotype was found in BB cattle and BB x PO F2 cattle. The +/del.11 genotype was found in BB x PO F1 cattle and BB x PO F2 cattle. The +/+ genotype, which showed a normal phenotype was only detected in PO cattle. There was a significant difference of the MSTN gene expression in the sampled animals among genotypes and between phenotypes (normal-muscled vs double muscled). The MSTN expression in animals with del.11/del.11 genotype was higher than that in animals with +/del11 and +/+ genotypes (P<0.05). Animals with +/+ genotype showed the lowest MSTN expression. It was concluded that double-muscled animals showed higher MSTN expression than normal-muscled animals.
Background and Aim: Coat color variations in cattle are known to be influenced by the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) and receptor tyrosine kinase (KIT) genes. The presence of coat color abnormalities, such as white spots and albinism, in Bali cattle was the focus of this study. This study aimed to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the coding region of MC1R and exons 2 and 3 of KIT associated with coat color abnormalities in Bali cattle. Materials and Methods: The study included the analysis of 48 Bali cattle, including 20 individuals with standard coat color, 15 with white spots, and 13 with albinism. Total DNA was extracted using a DNA Extraction Kit, and MC1R (coding region) and KIT (exons 2 and 3) gene amplifications were analyzed using forward and reverse primers with polymerase chain reaction product lengths of 1071, 234, and 448 bp, respectively. The determination of MC1R and KIT gene diversity was analyzed through direct sequencing. Melanocortin 1 receptor and KIT gene sequence data were analyzed using BioEdit and MEGA6 to identify SNPs associated with standard and abnormal coat color phenotypes (white-spotted and albino) in Bali cattle. Results: No SNPs associated with coat color abnormalities were found in the coding region of MC1R and exons 2 and 3 of KIT genes in Bali cattle. However, the intron two regions of KIT contained the SNP g.70208534A>G, which showed a high degree of diversity. The AA genotype frequency was highest in albino Bali cattle, whereas the G allele frequency was highest and the A allele frequency was lowest in white-spotted Bali cattle. Conclusion: The results indicated that standard, white-spotted, and albino coat colors in Bali cattle could not be distinguished by analyzing the MC1R and KIT genes. Keywords: Bali cattle, coat color, KIT gene, melanocortin 1 receptor gene, single-nucleotide polymorphism.
Pengekangan merupakan langkah awal dan utama dalam menentukan keberhasilan untuk pemeriksaan hewan, seperti pada pencitraan ultrasonografi. Tulisan ini mendeskripsikan beberapa metode pengekangan sapi bali untuk pencitraan ultrasonografi di kandang penampungan dan pola sonogram yang didapatkan. Sapi bali jantan dewasa sebanyak 101 ekor dilakukan pendugaan kualitas karkas sebelum dipotong. Pengekangan fisik dilakukan dengan pilihan yaitu: mengikat sapi pada kandang komunal, mengikat sapi kandang dengan pembatas dinding, dan menempatkan sapi pada kandang jepit. Proses pengekangan berlangsung ±5-10 menit atau lebih lama tergantung temperamen sapi. Sedangkan proses pencitraan ultrasonografi berlangsung ±30-60 detik pada sudut pandang transversal dan longitudinal. Citra ultrasonografi punggung daerah rusuk 12-13 tampak ekogenitas lapisan jaringan penyusun berupa kulit, lemak subkutan, otot dan tulang punggung yang terbedakan dengan baik. Pola marbling pada sonogram otot longissimus dorsi sudut pandang transversal terlihat seperti ranting, sarang lebah, bercak-bercak, dan tanpa pola. Sedangkan citra pada sudut pandang longitudinal terlihat garis diagonal dan tanpa garis.
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