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Personal Identity, National Identity and International Relations is the first psychological study of nation-building, nationalism, mass mobilisation and foreign policy processes. In a bold exposition of identification theory, William Bloom relates mass psychological processes to international relations. He draws on Freud, Mead, Erikson, Parsons and Habermas to provide a rigorously argued answer to the longstanding theoretical problem of how to aggregate from individual attitudes to mass behaviour. With a detailed analysis of the nation-building experience of preindustrial France and England, William Bloom applies the theory to international relations.

ONE TEXT FIGURE AND FOUR PLATE'S (SEVEN FIQURES) This is a description of tlie rapid changes observed in the bone formed in the medulla of some of the long bones during the preovulatory, ovulatory, and postovulatory periods of the female pigeon (Bloom, Bloom, Domm and McLean, '40). This work is a part of a general study of bone formation mid destruction and was stimulatecl in particular by the observation by Kyes and Potter ('34) of the development of bone in the niarrow of pigeons with large ovarian follicles. Observations made on laying chickens and ducks and the findings in pigeons injected with male and female sex hormones will be reported separately.Our interest in the reniai-kable bone changes in the marrow of birds in connection with ovulation and egg-laying centers about the general questions of : (1) The relations between bone iiiatrix and bone salt during the deposition and removal of hone, (2) the hone-forming potentialities of reticular cells, and (3) the origin arid fate of the cells associated Fit11 tlie foi-mation and dest1*uction of bone. Because of the rapidity of the changes in the bone during certain stages of the cgg-1 a~i n g cycle, this material offers unusual opportunities for the study of these problems.'This work has been rtided by grants from the nr. Wallace C. and Clara A.X11l)ott Memorial Fund of The University of Chicago, and from the Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation. 443

Two molar urea (pH 7.5) and column chromatography on Sepharose 4B were used to separate clathrin (coat protein) from the membrane of coated vesicles from bovine brain. Lytron (polystyrene) particles were used for study of the interaction of ciathrin with contractile proteins. Muscle G-actin, F-actin, and a-actinin were bound by clathrin-coated Lytron particles, while no interaction was found when muscle tropomyosin and serum albumin were tested. Clathrin molecules dispersed in a solution of 20 mM Tris*HCl (pH 7.5) were found to e elongated. When the pH was adjusted from 7.5 to 6.5, clathrin molecules associated into basketlike or cage structures similar in size and shape to those observed in enriched preparations of coated vesicles. Below pH 6.0, cages or baskets became amorphous aggregates. Raising the pH from 6.5 to 8.0, addition of 5-10 mM ATP or EDTA, or addition of 200 mM KCI resulted in the disassembly of baskets and the formation of filamentous arrays of various widths. Because of clathrin's biochemical and biophysical properties, its interaction with contractile proteins, and its presence in the membrane of vesicles of various cell types, we classified clathrin in the group of mechanochemical proteins.

EIGHT FIGURESThe clianges in the medullary bone of laying birds offer unusual opportunities for the study of several aspects of bone formation and destruction. Thus the rapid cyclic formation and breakdown of this bone in laying pigeons enabled Bloom, Bloom, and McLeaii ('41) to conclude that the various types of cells of bone are temporary functional states of the same cell. We have continued to study tlie medullary bone of laying birds and have tried to find out whether the cellular transformations are especially rapid in the chicken with her large clutches and extended periods of egg laying.

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ONE COLOR PLATE (ONE FIGURE)During the past thirty-five years the knowledge of the finer details of the structure of the islets of Langerhans has been increasing steadily. Laguesse ('95, '06) found that the islet cells were crowded with fine granules which could be seen in the living cells and which became very prominent when stained with safranin or gentian violet. Through the studies of Diamare ( '99)' Tschassownikow ( ' OO}, Schulze ( 'OO), and Dewitt ('06)' it was found that two types of granular cells are present in the islets. Lane ( '07) showed that the granules of these two types of cells have markedly different solubilities.As a result of these investigations, and especially those of Laguesse and Lane, it became quite clear that the granules in