This paper presents rotor power optimization of the Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine of various parameters such as airfoil, angle of attack, and wind speed. Simulation of HAWT rotor power uses Blade Element Momentum (BEM). Furthermore, optimization using the Taguchi method with L16(43) orthogonal array. The parameters used in this study were: airfoil NACA (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics) 4412, NACA 2412, NACA 4412-NACA 2412, NACA 4412mod-NACA 2412mod; angle of attack 3˚, 4˚, 5˚, 6˚; and wind speed of 5, 6, 7, 8 (m/s). The simulation uses the general parameter at 1 MW HAWT. Several types of NACA airfoil, angle of attack, and wind speed were simulated, then optimized to obtain optimal parameters for the HAWT output power. The results of this study found the most optimal rotor power, namely the condition of the NACA 4412mod-NACA 2412mod airfoil, 3˚ angle of attack, and 8m/s wind speed. Wind speed is the most significant influence factor based on ANOVA analysis ranked 1st based on S/N ratio analysis, 2nd rank is an airfoil, and 3rd rank is the angle of attack. The higher the wind speed, the greater the rotor power generated.
This paper presents a static structural analysis of the Sports Utility Vehicles (SUV) Patriot chassis uses a type of ladder frame with 440 G JIS STAM carbon steel tube and bracket material is AISI 1020. Static load on the patriot chassis is varied in a normal load and an extreme load. The element method simulation is carried out on the chassis until the horizontal chassis position is 0˚, 30˚ downhill and 30˚ uphill. Static structural analysis on the patriot chassis frame using the finite element method found that the overall design is safe under various load variations and support variations. Applied normal load with a total of 4 supports (4 wheels) on the patriot chassis design which is varied by its tilt, show that the 0˚ chassis position produces the highest von mises stress (86.1 MPa) and the highest displacement (0.38mm). The results of extreme loading on various supports of the 3 wheels alternately patriot chassis design show that the highest von mises stress (264 MPa) and the highest displacement (5.11 mm) occurs at 0˚ chassis position with rear right not support. The factor of safety from various variations in loaded, tilt position, and the number of supports of the Patriot chassis design is more than 1 so that the chassis design is declared safe.
This study aims to analyse the structural design of a village car chassis that uses a ladder frame type to simulate extreme road conditions in countryside areas. The research method used is finite element analysis. The material used for the simulation is Carbon steel tube JIS G 3472 STAM, STAM 440 G and for the bracket used Carbon Steel AISI 1020 (UNS G10200). The load simulation was varied from the chassis conditions of 0°, 15° uphill, and 15° downhill. The pedestal conditions on the chassis are varied from 4 wheels to 3 wheels. The variation of loads applied to the chassis structure consists of 1) normal loads and 2) extreme loads. Based on the data from the analysis of static loading on the village car chassis, the maximum stress generated was 297 N/mm2 in the 15° uphill chassis conditions without the support of one right rear wheel. The maximum displacement was 12.2 mm in 15° uphill conditions without the support of one left rear wheel. The average value of von mises stress on the chassis was 156.41 N/mm2 with an average safety factor value of 2.19 and an average displacement value of 4.36 mm. It can be concluded that the chassis design is safe to withstand dynamic loads according to industry specifications.
The purposes of this study are to investigate the effect of condenser cooling fan addition and air flow rate on the performance of Atmospheric Water Generator (AWG). In this work, humid air from the environment was supplied into AWG at 15 lpm. Then, it was condensed in the system with and without using a condenser cooling fan. The fan air flow rate also varied from 0.09 m 3 /s to 0.16 m 3 /s in order to better assess AWG performance. The results showed that the use of a condenser cooling fan can improve the Coefficient of Performance (COP) and the efficiency of Atmospheric Water Generator. The average value of COPactual of 2.499 and the highest efficiency of 79.07% were achieved by an Atmosphere Water Generator equipped with a condenser cooling fan at air flow rate of 0.16 m 3 /s.
The need for fossil fuels is increasing every year. Various threats were made to obtain efficient fuel consumption. This study aims to determine the effect of Pertamina Dex and biodiesel on RPM and fuel consumption. The method used is an experiment on a diesel engine. Mixing Pertamina Dex fuel and biodiesel with a certain composition. The mixing variations were 0%, 10%, 30%, 40%, and 50% biodiesel and variations at 1000RPM, 1500RPM, and 2000RPM. The results of this study are (1) Pertamina Dex 100% is the most efficient fuel at 1000 RPM and 1500 RPM, (2) a mixture of 70% Pertamina Dex 30% Biodiesel is the most efficient fuel at 2000 RPM, and (3) Pertamina Dex 100% is the most fuel-efficient at 1000, 2000 and 3000 RPM.
One way to reduce maintenance costs while improving wind turbine efficiency is to replace mechanical bearings with permanent magnetic bearings. The permanent magnetic bearing is a free contact bearing in which the rotor is elevated from the stator by the magnet's repelling force. The purpose of this study is to analyze the variation of permanent magnet width and the gap distance between the rotor-stator magnets that can produce the magnetic axial force opposing the thrust force of 1MW horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWT). The method used in this study is a magnetic force simulation using finite element method by varying the magnet thickness, width of the gap, and displacement between the rotor-stator of the PMB model. The PMB model consists of rotor and stator magnets arranged in 3 layers with Nd2Fe14B type material with a magnetic flux density of 1.45 T. Variations in thickness of the rotor and stator magnets are 0.1; 0.15, respectively; 0.2 (m), while variations in the width of the magnetic gap are 4, 5, 6 (mm). The results of the study found that the displacement that produces an axial magnetic force that can support a thrust force of 199.5kN is the lowest in the PMB model with a magnetic thickness of 0.15m with a magnetic gap of 4mm, while the highest is at a magnetic thickness of 0.1m with a magnet gap of 6mm. The greater the thickness of the PMB axial magnet design, the greater the displacement that provides zero axial magnetic forces. Further, the maximum of the magnetic axial force is rise on with increasing magnet thickness.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besarnya torsi, daya dan konsumsi bahan bakar, terhadap variasi injektor 17 MPa, 18 MPa, 19 MPa dan 20 MPa dengan menggunakan bahan bakar B0S100 dan B30S70. Hasil penelitian variasi tekanan injektor menggunakan bahan bakar B0S100terhadap daya, torsi dan konsumsi bahan bakar terbaik terdapat pada tekanan 19 MPa, sebesar 45,574 kW, 144,795 Nm dan 40,705 cc/menit. Sedangkan Hasil penelitian variasi tekanan injektor menggunakan bahan bakar B30S70terhadap daya, torsi dan konsumsi bahan bakar terbaik terdapat pada tekanan 20 MPa sebesar 45,539 kW, 143.27 Nm dan 40,066 cc/menit
Proses pembakaran biodiesel merupakan masalah yang sering dijumpai dalam mesin diesel. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, salah satunya dapat dilakukan dengan melakukan pemanasan terhadap campuran solar dengan biodiesel minyak lemak sapi. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan eksperimen menggunakan bahan bakar biodiesel minyak lemak sapi dengan variasi temperatur 30°C, 40°C, 50°C, 60°C, dan 70°C. Proses fenomena yang terjadi pada mesin tersebut dikaitkan dengan penelitian terdahulu ataupun kajian teoritis. Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya peningkatan daya dan torsi pada temperatur 40°C sebesar 56.81 kW dan 136.30 Nm pada biosolar sedangkan pada solar tidak terjadi peningkatan dengan daya. Torsi tertinggi dicapai pada temperatur 30°C sebesar 55.62 kW pada daya dan 131.80 Nm pada torsi
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