H aemonchosis is one of the major parasitic diseases in goats in Indonesia. The biggest economic losses due to haemonchosis occur in subtropical and tropical regions which are mainly due to mortality, decreased production, stunted growth and low body weight (Mengist et al., 2014). In fact, West Papua could be a potential development area for goat livestock. Based on data from the Department of Animal Husbandry of West Papua Province (2016), the research Article Abstract | Haemonchosis is a common and severe disease caused by the infection of worms Haemonchus sp. Kebar grass (Biophytum petersianum) known as a plant from Papua Indonesia that contains tannin compounds and has potential anthelmintic activity. The present study was carried out to determine the influence of Kebar grass infusion on H. contortus under in vivo conditions. A total of 15 female goats at 6-8 months old were divided into 5 groups, and each consisted of 3 goats. All groups were infected 1000 infective larvae orally every week for 4 weeks. Three groups were given Kebar grass infusion a day at a dose of 2 mg/mL, 4 mg/mL and 6 mg/mL respectively for 7 days at the 6th week. Group 4 was given Albendazole at a dose of 3.8 mg/kg body weight, and group 5 was not given treatment. Clinical examinations, hematological and EPG were carried out every week. All goats were autopsied and analyzed for pathology at the seventh week. Quantitative data to perform statistical analysis, as well as the results of physical examination and histopathology were analyzed descriptively. Body weight measurements in vivo as the mean, Body Condition Scores (BCS), and FAMACHA showed an increase. RBC, Hb, PCV and total protein values increased. The FECR value of the treatment group was higher than the negative control group. During the autopsy, both carcass and visceral organs were colourless, slight of subcutaneous fat, and small intestine haemorrhage and ascites in the abdominal cavity. Many nodules with diameters between 1.5-2.0 mm were observed in the abomasal mucosa. Histopathological changes in the control group were infiltration of inflammatory cells, congestion and the presence of worm pieces. Based on results obtained in this line of research, it is therefore concluded that Kebar grass infusion is anthelmintic against H. contortus under in vivo conditions.

Aim: Intestinal parasites cause severe diseases at poultry farms, especially in developing countries, including Indonesia. Infections cause significant decreases in productivity at poultry farms. Ascaridia galli is a common nematode found in chickens with a prevalence of up to 92%. This study evaluates the in vitro and in vivo effects of Areca catechu crude aqueous extract (AAE) as an anthelmintic against A. galli. Materials and Methods: In the in vitro study, already-infected slaughtered chickens were collected from local slaughterhouses in Yogyakarta. The chicken intestines were carefully examined and transported to the Parasitological Laboratory of Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta. A. galli was collected from the intestines and put into a Petri dish containing 0.62% saline solution. Sixty A. galli individuals were soaked in different concentrations of the AAE for 3-6 h. The number of deceased A. galli was recorded by ascertaining whether they had ceased movement using a stereo microscope. The morphological characteristics of the parasites were studied. The in vivo study used 40 female chickens that were 1.5 months old and infected with the eggs of A. galli. Approximately 3000 infective eggs were found in each chicken. There were four treatment groups; Group A served as the control and was treated with Aquadestilata, Group B was treated with 26 mg/ml of AAE, Group C was treated with 79 mg/ml of AAE, and Group D was treated with 50 mg/ml of pyrantel pamoate. The AAE was applied using a pipette for 14 days. The observed parameters include the effect of the treatments on hematology, body weight (BW), and the number of A. galli eggs within each gram of fecal matter. Results: The AAE damaged the morphology, including the anterior end, posterior end, and vulva, of A. galli in vitro. The tegument of the anterior and posterior ends was slightly rougher, wrinkled, and damaged. The vulva and spicule ducts were irregular and indistinct. The average eggs per gram (EPG) in the untreated control increased in vivo from 1450±355.90 to 1975±325.96. The average EPG decreased from 1485±386.62 to 0±0.00 during 14 days of treatment of 79 mg/ml of AAE. The mean BW gain in the treated chickens was significantly (p<0.5) higher than the control. The treatment with 79 mg/ml of AAE increased the total erythrocyte count, total leukocyte count, hemoglobin, and packed cell volume values in the chickens. Conclusion: AAE can cause morphological changes and subsequent death in adult A. galli in vitro and effectively decrease ascariasis severity in chickens, therefore increasing overall BW in vivo.

A. galli infection caused high economic losses and decreased the amount and quality of egg production. The existence of anthelmintic resistance lead to the development of research on alternative treatments for A. galli. This aim of the research was to know LC50 of Areca catechu on infestation of A. galli. In this research A. galli was taken from a chicken slaughterhouse in Terban, Yogyakarta, and was divided into 8 groups for in vitro research. Group I was treated with an 10% infusion of A. catechu; group II was treated with 12.5% infusion of A. catechu; group III was treated with a 15% infusion of A. catechu; group IV was treated with a 17.5% infusion of A. catechu; group V was treated with 20% infusion of A. catechu; group VI was treated with a 22.5% infusion of A. catechu; group VII was treated with 25% A. catechu infusion and group VIII as negative control (0.9% NaCl). A. galli mortality is recorded every one hour until worm mortality is 100%. The results were then analyzed using the Reed and Muench method. Based on the in vitro test the infusion of Areca catechu against Ascaridia galli can cause death in worms with an LC 50 calculation of 21. 18%.

The study evaluates in vitro effects of Areca catechu crude aqueous extract  as anthelmintics on Ascaridia galli adult mortality rate and morphometry. Naturally infected chickens were collected from slaughtered chickens at local slaughterhouses in Yogyakarta. Chicken’s intestines were carefully examined and transported to the Parasitological Laboratory of Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta. Ascaridia galli were collected from intestines (including duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) and put into a petri dish containing 0.62% saline water. There were 60 A. galli in each concentration of Areca catechu crude aqueous extract. Investigation on mortality rate of adult worms at various concentration and observation as well as differences in A. galli morphometry and mortality rate were analyzed using analysis Anova. The figures of the parasites or the parts of the parasites were captured using camera Lucida and then they were measured using both micrometer and curvimeter. The morphology of the parasites was identified to find out their morphometric characteristics.The results of morphometric observation of the A. galli showed that there was a significant difference in the body width and the vulva length of the females and in the body width, the esophageal length and the esophageal width of the males.This research disclosed that Areca catechu crude aqueous extract significantly affected the mortality rate of adult A.galli at various concentration. This research observed that the best concentration to kill the adult worms was 25% Areca catechu crude aqueous extract.

Abstract   This activity aims to determine the process of providing Eid al-Adha animal meat in Manokwari Regency, Yogyakarta and Magelang City. Observations of the process were carried out directly which included slaughtering until the meat was packaged in each of the 3 mosques located in Manokwari Regency, Yogyakarta and Magelang City. Data were analyzed descriptively and presented in tables and figures. The number of Eid al-Adha animals slaughtered was 59 cows and 96 goats/sheep with the highest number of Eid al-Adha animals in Yogyakarta. The process of preparing Eid al-Adha animal meat in Manokwari Regency and Magelang City is the same, which consists of slaughtering, peeling, chopping, weighing and packaging. Meanwhile in Yogyakarta there is carcass weighing before chopping. In general, the implementation of the process of preparing Eid al-Adha animal meat in Manokwari Regency, Yogyakarta and Magelang City has endeavored to meet the hygiene and sanitation aspects as an effort to obtain halal and thoyib (good) Eid al-Adha meat.   Keywords: Preparation process; Eid al-Adha meat, Slaughter

The aims of this study is to evaluate molecular docking of flavonoid Coleus amboinicus (CA) extracts in transforming growth factor-1b and lowering MDA concentration on cisplatin-induced in Wistar rat. Eighteen male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus), 3 months of age with a body weight (BW) of 150-200 g, were allocated into three groups, with six animals per group. The control group received aquadest (P0), the treatment group were treated with single doses of cisplatin (5 mg/kg bw., ip) (P1) and  received 100 mg/kg bw of the CA extracts (P2) respectively for 7 days. Bloods collected for analysis of serum alkaline phospatase (AP), Blood Nitrogen Urea (BUN) and Malondialdehid (MDA) concentrations. The levels of Malondialdehid (MDA) concentrations were analysed by Avidin-Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) Sandwich-ELISA. All groups were sacrified for histopathology. Coleus amboinicus extract significantly decreased the level of AP, BUN and MDA concentrations compared to the control group (p<0.05). The level of MDA could be detected by its level significantly decreased in CA treatment group (p<0.05). Coleus amboinicus (CA) extract has a flavonoid as a marker compound of CA extract has stronger bind to the TGF-β1receptor than its of 3WA_601 ligand in silico analyzed. In histopathological examination showed that cisplatin-induced could alter severe multifocal hemorrhage, interstitial congestion, cell inflammatory, acute glomerular and tubular injury with necrotic cells. Immunohistochemical staining labeled with TGF-1β monoclonal antibodies (Mab) showed marked expression of brownish color aggregates on the surface of tubular epithelial cells and around glomerular mesangial cells in the CA treatment group. This study was concluded that CA extract is inhibited renal tissue injuries by lowering MDA and increasing TGF-1b expression on cisplatin-induced rats. Flavonoid as marker of CA extract has stronger bind to TGF-1b receptor by in silico.

This study was conducted to determine the response of farmers to the prevention and treatment gastrointestine worm disease in goats and know factors that influencing farmer response Tools and materials used are stationery, questioner, folder, worm drug and vitamin of B complex. The respondents were  30 people. Data was taken from pre-test and post-test by conducting direct interview regarding prevention and treatment gastrointestine worm disease in goat by using questioner. Based on the regression analysis obtained by multiple linear equations as follows: Y = 28.946 + 5.084X1 - 0,215X2 + 0,171X3+ 0,548X4 + e. From model of regresion above, it can be intepreted that each increase in the vallue of X1 (education) equal to 1 % will add respon equal to 5.084, each increase in the value of X2 (age) by 1 % will reduce the respon by 0.215, each increase of value of X3 (experience of farming) by 1 % will add value of respon equal to 0.171, and each increase of value of X4 (amount of the ownership of livestock) by 1 % will add value of 0.548. This study concluded that there was an increase in knowledge aspects of 14.87 with EP 82.6% and EPP 77.36%, attitude aspects amounting to 10.47 with EP 90.88% and EPP 82.12% and skills aspects of 5.1 with EP 86.6% and EPP 79.19% and an increase in response value from aspects of knowledge, attitudes, and skills of 30.39%, namely from a low response to a high response to the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal worm disease in goats. Education is the most significant factor that has a very significant effect of (P 1 ≤0.01) on the farmer response average.  Keywords: prevention, treatment, gastrointestine worm, goat, response

This study aims to determine the effect of 4 doses of urea fertilizer on production and growth of Odot grass (Pennisetum Purpureum cv. Mott). The experimental design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) pattern in line with 4 treatments and each treatment consisted of 5 replications. The treatment used is Control (P0), urea at a dose of 100 kg/ha (P1), urea at a dose of 150 kg/ha (P2), urea at a dose of 200 kg/ha (P3). The parameters observed were number of tillers, stem length, leaf length, grass height and grass production. The results of statistical analysis showed that the treatment of urea fertilizer had no significant effect on plant height. The treatment of urea fertilizer had a significant effect (P<0.05) on number of tillers, stem length, leaf length and grass production. It can be concluded that the administration of urea fertilizer can increase the number of tillers, stem length, leaf length and odot grass production compared to odot grass that is not given urea fertilizer. Keywords: Urea, Fertilizer, Growth, Production, Pennisetum purpureum cv Mott