Background. This study describes antimicrobial, anticancer and antioxidant properties of Sauropus androgynus stem extract. The main objective of the present study was to reveal the potential of S. androgynus strip to be used as a medicinal drug.Materials and methods. The antimicrobial properties of S. androgynus stem extract against Aeromonas hydrophila, Escherichia coli, Edwardsiella tarda, Flavobacterium sp., Klebsiella sp., Salmonella sp., Vibrio alginolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus, V. cholerae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were revealed by using the broth micro-dilution method, whereas the anticancer effects of the extract was determined with a colorimetric MTT (tetrazolium) assay against human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7). The antioxidant activity of the plant extract was characterized also by using a α, α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method. Finally, chemical compounds of the plant extract were screened and identified by using gas chromatography -mass spectrometry (GC-MS).Results. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranged from 7.81 to 62.5 mg/l in which the plant extract was found to inhibit the growth of Edwardsiella tar da, Escherichia coli, Flavobacterium sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Vibrio cholerae at 7.81 mg/l, Klebsiella sp., Aeromonas hydrophila and Vibrio alginolyticus at 15.6 mg/l, and it was able to control the growth of Salmonella sp. and Vibrio parahaemolyticus at 62.5 mg/l. The results of the present study has shown S. androgynus stem extract to possess a high antimicrobial activity and a moderate antioxidant activity (inhibition concentration 50%; IC 50 of DPPH is 8 ppt), but no anticancer activity. A total of 34 compounds were identified in the plant extract in which the major compounds were 9, 12, 15-octadecatrienoic acid, methyl ester, (Z, Z, Z)-(14.48%) and phytol (13.08%).Conclusions. S. androgynus stem extract can be used as an antimicrobial and antioxidant agents.

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Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Syzygium aromaticum flower bud (Clove) against fish systemic bacteria isolated from aquaculture sites Abstract This paper describes the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Syzygium aromaticum against Vibrio spp. (n = 6), Edwardsiella spp. (n = 21), Aeromonas spp. (n = 2), Escherichia coli (n = 2), Flavobacterium spp. (n = 1), Salmonella spp. (n = 2), Streptococcus spp. (n = 1) and Pseudomonas spp.

Aim:The aim of this study is to identify antibiogram and heavy metal resistance pattern of Aeromonas hydrophila and Edwardsiella tarda isolated from red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) coinfected with motile aeromonas septicemia and edwardsiellosis in four commercial fish farms.Materials and Methods:A. hydrophila and E. tarda were isolated using glutamate starch phenol red and xylose lysine deoxycholate (Merck, Germany) as a selective medium, respectively. All the suspected bacterial colonies were identified using conventional biochemical tests and commercial identification kit (BBL Crystal, USA). Susceptibility testing of present bacterial isolates to 16 types of antibiotics (nalidixic acid, oxolinic acid, compound sulfonamides, doxycycline, tetracycline, novobiocin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, sulfamethoxazole, flumequine, erythromycin, ampicillin, spiramycin, oxytetracycline, amoxicillin, and fosfomycin) and four types of heavy metals (mercury, chromium, copper, and zinc) were carried out using disk diffusion and two-fold agar dilution method, respectively.Results:Three hundred isolates of A. hydrophila and E. tarda were successfully identified by biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility testing results showed that 42.2% of the bacterial isolates were sensitive to compound sulfonamides, sulfamethoxazole, flumequine, oxytetracycline, doxycycline, and oxolinic acid. On the other hand, 41.6% of these isolates were resistant to novobiocin, ampicillin, spiramycin, and chloramphenicol, which resulted for multiple antibiotic resistance index values 0.416. Among tested heavy metals, bacterial isolates exhibited resistant pattern of Zn2+ > Cr6+ > Cu2+ > Hg2+.Conclusion:Results from this study indicated that A. hydrophila and E. tarda isolated from coinfected farmed red hybrid tilapia were multi-resistant to antibiotics and heavy metals. These resistant profiles could be useful information to fish farmers to avoid unnecessary use of antimicrobial products in the health management of farmed red hybrid tilapia.

Slipper oyster Crassostrea iredalei is a species of good demand for its sweet flavor and white coloured flesh. The filter feeding nature predisposes oysters to accumulation of pathogenic and heavy metals in waters impacted by sewage pollutions and may thus render the oysters unfit for human consumption. A study was undertaken to investigate the presence of bacteria flora and heavy metal concentrations in cultivated oysters Crassostrea iredalei at Setiu Wetland, Terengganu, the only source of cultivated oysters in East Coast of Malaysia. A total of 200 slipper oyster samples were analyzed. The bacteria were isolated using non selective agar such as TSA agar and selective agars before they were then identified using conventional methods in combination with BBL Crystal identification kit. Heavy metals such as zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) concentrations were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results showed that the oysters harbor predominantly Shewanella putrifaciens followed by Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio cholerae, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli and Chromobacterium violaceum. They also contain high concentration of Zn (785.68 +/- 285.88 microg/g) with the lowest heavy metal was Pb (0.17 +/- 0.15 microg/g), whilst the concentrations of other heavy metals were Cu (38.9 +/- 13.2 microg/g) and Cd (1.60 +/- 0.28 microg/g). The study is very useful to evaluate the type of bacteria and heavy metal present in oyster meat for human consumption.