In this manuscript, we have explored the photonic biosensing application of the 1D photonic crystal (PhC) (AB)NCDC(AB)N, which is capable of detecting reproductive progesterone and estradiol hormones of different concentration levels in blood samples of females. The proposed structure is composed of an air cavity surrounded by two buffer layers of material MgF2, which is sandwiched between two identical 1D sub PhCs (AB)N. Both sub PhCs are made up of alternate layers of materials, SiO2 and Si, of period 5. MATLAB software has been used to obtain transmission characteristics of the structure corresponding TE wave, only with the help of the transfer matrix method. The mainstay of this research is focused on the dependence of the intensity and position of the defect mode inside the photonic bandgap with respect to reproductive hormone concentrations in blood samples, change in the thickness of the cavity region and change in angle of incidence corresponding to TE wave only. The proposed design shows high sensitivity of 98.92 nm/nmol/L and 96.58 nm/nmol/L when the cavity of a thickness of 340 nm is loaded with progesterone and estradiol hormones of concentrations of 80 nmol/L and 11 nmol/L, respectively, at an incident angle of 20°. Apart from sensitivity, other parameters such as quality factor and figure of merit have also been computed to gain deep insight about the sensing capabilities of the proposed design. These findings may pave the path for the design and development of various sensing devices capable of detecting gynecological problems pertaining to reproductive hormones in females. Thus, the simple design and excellent performance makes our design most efficient and suitable for sensing applications in industrial and biomedical fields.

In this work, we demonstrate the sensing principle to simultaneously detect the salinity and temperature of seawater using a 1D-defective photonic crystal structure. We designed a one-dimensional defective mode photonic crystal based on the well-known transfer matrix method (TMM) for detecting the seawater salinity and temperature. Our proposed optical sensor is based on the following concept. Since the concentration of the salinity in the seawater changes the refractive index of the seawater, the sensitivity can be calculated by a peak wavelength shift happening in the output transmission spectrum for its variation of different concentration of samples. By adjusting the design parameters of our proposed structure such as the thickness of the defect layer, the temperature and the salinity, we investigated the corresponding optical properties response where the resulted transmittance peak can be turned over the considered range.

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The present research is focused on the externally tunable defect mode properties of a one dimensional (1D) defective photonic crystal (DPhC) for fast detection of cancerous brain tumors. The proposed design has utilized conventional 1D DPhC whose cavity is coated with SiO2 nanoparticles embedded in a superconducting material layer called a nanocomposite layer. The purpose of a nanocomposite superconducting layer is to induce temperature dependent external tuning of the defect mode inside PBG, in addition, to changing in the angle of incidence. The inclusion of a nanocomposite layer also improves the interaction between light and different brain tissue samples under examination. In order to investigate the transmission properties of the proposed structure the transfer matrix formulation in addition to the MATLAB computational tool has been used. First, we have chosen the optimized internal parameters at normal incidence to obtain the maximum performance of the design. Secondly, the effect of change in angle of incidence has been studied to further increase the performance by means of sensitivity, quality factor, the figure of merit and limit of detection to ensure external tuning of defect mode. After achieving a maximum value of sensitivity (4139.24 nm/RIU) corresponding to a sample containing a wall of brain tissues at θ = 63° we have further investigated the effect of change in temperature of nanocomposite layers on the position and intensity both of the defect mode inside PBG. We have found that the increase in temperature results in minute changes in sensitivity but a significant increase in the intensity of defect mode which is highly required in any photonic biosensing design. The findings of this study may be very useful for designing various bio-sensing structures which could have a significant and decisive role in the field of biomedical applications.

In this research, we have a theoretical simple and highly sensitive sodium chloride (NaCl) sensor based on the excitation of Tamm plasmon resonance through a one-dimensional photonic crystal structure.

By employing the characteristics matrix method, we have investigated the transmission properties of one-dimensional dielectric–semiconductor metamaterial photonic crystals (PC) at Terahertz (THz) range theoretically. The numerical results show the appearance of cutoff frequency within THz range. Furthermore, the thicknesses of the constituents materials and the filling factor have a significant effect on the cutoff frequency. The proposed structure may be useful in many applications, particularly in THz frequency regions.

In the present work, we demonstrate the generation of Fano resonance (F) feature based on a defected one dimensional superconducting photonic crystal design. Our proposed design consists of alternated layers of high-temperature superconductor material with conventional ones. By using the transfer matrix method, we investigate the optical properties for the proposed designs. The obtained optical properties show two sharp peaks with zero side band of reflectivity are resulted NIR region. Then, by adding a defect layer to the periodic structure, we find that two peaks are appeared in the obtained spectrum which they are indicated for electromagnetic induced reflection (EIR) and Fano resonance concept. Finally, by adjusting the design parameters of our proposed structure such as the number of periods, the thickness of the constituent layers, and the refractive index of defect layer, we investigated the corresponding optical properties response. Our proposed designs can be used in some potential applications such as in the optical devices as switching, slow-light and sensor.

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