In this manuscript, we have explored the photonic biosensing application of the 1D photonic crystal (PhC) (AB)NCDC(AB)N, which is capable of detecting reproductive progesterone and estradiol hormones of different concentration levels in blood samples of females. The proposed structure is composed of an air cavity surrounded by two buffer layers of material MgF2, which is sandwiched between two identical 1D sub PhCs (AB)N. Both sub PhCs are made up of alternate layers of materials, SiO2 and Si, of period 5. MATLAB software has been used to obtain transmission characteristics of the structure corresponding TE wave, only with the help of the transfer matrix method. The mainstay of this research is focused on the dependence of the intensity and position of the defect mode inside the photonic bandgap with respect to reproductive hormone concentrations in blood samples, change in the thickness of the cavity region and change in angle of incidence corresponding to TE wave only. The proposed design shows high sensitivity of 98.92 nm/nmol/L and 96.58 nm/nmol/L when the cavity of a thickness of 340 nm is loaded with progesterone and estradiol hormones of concentrations of 80 nmol/L and 11 nmol/L, respectively, at an incident angle of 20°. Apart from sensitivity, other parameters such as quality factor and figure of merit have also been computed to gain deep insight about the sensing capabilities of the proposed design. These findings may pave the path for the design and development of various sensing devices capable of detecting gynecological problems pertaining to reproductive hormones in females. Thus, the simple design and excellent performance makes our design most efficient and suitable for sensing applications in industrial and biomedical fields.

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In this manuscript one-dimensional (1D) photonic biosensor (PQ) N GDG(PQ) N composed of phase change material (PCM) germanium antimony telluride (GST) has been studied in visible region of electromagnetic spectrum. This design is capable of label free recognition of reproductive hormones of female which are significant during reproductive process such as menstruation and parturition. The proposed structure is composed of an air cavity separated by two buffer layers of GST material. The GST buffer layers have been used to improve the sensing performance of the structure. The modified cavity associated with buffer GST layers is sandwiched between two 1D photonic structures (PS) (PQ) N . Both 1D PS are consisted of alternate material layers of SiO2 and Si of period 5. The transmission spectra of proposed design have been obtained by using transfer matrix method and MATLAB software. In this work the performance of the devise has been investigated for normal and oblique incidence corresponding to TE wave only under the influence of change of phases of GST. The mainstay of this research is focused on the tunable performance of proposed bio-sensing design due to switching between amorphous phase (aGST) and crystalline phase (cGST) of GST. Moreover how the change in the thickness of cavity region as well as angle of incidence corresponding to TE wave affects the performance of the design has also been studied. The sensitivity, quality factor and figure of merit values of the design have also been studied to get deep insight about the sensing capabilities of the proposed design under the influence of crystalline and amorphous phases of GST. Thus due to simple architecture and excellent switchable and reconfigurable characteristics, our structure works efficiently in industrial and biomedical refractive index based sensing applications.

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In the present work, we demonstrate the generation of Fano resonance (F) feature based on a defected one dimensional superconducting photonic crystal design. Our proposed design consists of alternated layers of high-temperature superconductor material with conventional ones. By using the transfer matrix method, we investigate the optical properties for the proposed designs. The obtained optical properties show two sharp peaks with zero side band of reflectivity are resulted NIR region. Then, by adding a defect layer to the periodic structure, we find that two peaks are appeared in the obtained spectrum which they are indicated for electromagnetic induced reflection (EIR) and Fano resonance concept. Finally, by adjusting the design parameters of our proposed structure such as the number of periods, the thickness of the constituent layers, and the refractive index of defect layer, we investigated the corresponding optical properties response. Our proposed designs can be used in some potential applications such as in the optical devices as switching, slow-light and sensor.