Salinity and temperature detection for seawater based on a 1D-defective photonic crystal material

Abstract

In this work, we demonstrate the sensing principle to simultaneously detect the salinity and temperature of seawater using a 1D-defective photonic crystal structure. We designed a one-dimensional defective mode photonic crystal based on the well-known transfer matrix method (TMM) for detecting the seawater salinity and temperature. Our proposed optical sensor is based on the following concept. Since the concentration of the salinity in the seawater changes the refractive index of the seawater, the sensitivity can be calculated by a peak wavelength shift happening in the output transmission spectrum for its variation of different concentration of samples. By adjusting the design parameters of our proposed structure such as the thickness of the defect layer, the temperature and the salinity, we investigated the corresponding optical properties response where the resulted transmittance peak can be turned over the considered range.

High Sensitivity to Salinity-Temperature Using One-Dimensional Deformed Photonic Crystal

“…We noticed that the best sensitivity S T of the proposed temperature sensor is 600 nm/RFIU when the temperature degree of the seawater is 10 • C with a DL of 0.0005 RFIU. By comparing our results with the results found by Qutb et al [19], we find that their periodic structure is composed by the alternation of TiO 2 and seawater layers which makes their manufacture almost impossible; also their structures have a thickness of 3.75 µm while the thickness of our structure is 18.57 µm. In addition, Qutb et al [19] did not calculate the sensitivity of their structure and did not determine the quality factor of the resonance peaks.…”

“…Photonic structures [17] represent a serious opportunity for researchers to study and improve their properties to be suitable for sensing applications [18]. They can be used for salinity sensing [1,19], for D-glucose sensing [20], for temperature [15,19] and pressure sensing [15], for humidity sensing [21], for hemoglobin sensing [22] and for cancer cell detection [23]. These devices are known for their accurate and precise response, and they have less energy consumption with a rapid response because photons are faster than electrons (photons move at a speed of 3 × 10 8 m/s) [17].…”

“…These devices are known for their accurate and precise response, and they have less energy consumption with a rapid response because photons are faster than electrons (photons move at a speed of 3 × 10 8 m/s) [17]. In previous research papers 1D and 2D photonic structures were proposed to measure salinity and water temperature [1,19].…”

Biophotonic sensor design using a 1D defective annular photonic crystal for the detection of creatinine concentration in blood serum

“…Finally, the LOD of the proposed biosensor was calculated with the help of eqn eqn (16). The value of the LOD varied between (1.92 to 2.55) Â 10 À6 RIU, corresponding to a sample of concentration 80.80 to 85.28 mmol L À1 .…”

“…This remarkable property of tuning the defect mode inside the PBG of defective PCs has inspired various research groups worldwide in their attempts to develop high-performance biosensors. [15][16][17][18][19][20] These biosensors are remarkably attractive to the biomedical and biochemical elds due to their tremendous sensing and detecting capabilities. [21][22][23][24] PCbased biosensors have been widely designed and fabricated for the detection of temperature, hydrostatic pressure, acoustic waves, and magnetic elds.…”