Bean soaking seems to be unanimously recommended by scientists; however, there is no consensus regarding the need to discard the soaking water before cooking. Thus, the present study proposes to review the influence of maceration on the nutritional quality of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cooked with or without the soaking water, in an attempt to achieve agreement among scientists. The article search was done in a systematic way and eleven studies were found. Of these, three compared the use or not of the soaking water for cooking, seven of them discarded the soaking water and one used the soaking water. This review discusses each nutrient and antinutrient regarding the effects of soaking and compares them with other studies done with legumes. The results were not unanimous but there was a greater advantage to discarding the soaking water before cooking.

Objective To describe the purchase of family farm and organic foods by the Brazilian School Food Program in the municipalities of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Methods This is an analytic and descriptive study conducted from 2010 to 2011. An electronic survey was sent to all 293 Santa Catarina municipalities. The Chi-square test investigated the association between the study variables. Results Between 2010 and 2011, the number of municipalities that purchased family farm foods increased by 36%, with a total of 96% of Santa Catarina municipalities buying family farming foods in 2011. Of the 96%, 70% complied with Article 14 of Law nº 11,947/2009, which determines that at least 30% of the funds provided by the National Fund for the Development of Education should be spent on family farm products, and 48% purchased organic foods. The South was the state region that most complied with Article 14 (85%; p=0.02). However, as municipality size increased, compliance with Article 14 decreased (p=0.04). The municipalities that had the most difficulties buying family farm and organic foods were those with the lowest Municipal Human Development Index and number of students. Conclusion Most Santa Catarina municipalities purchased family farm foods in 2011, and most municipalities that complied with Article 14 of Law nº 11,947/2009 were in the South state region. Finally, municipalities with low Municipal Human Development Index and number of students had the most difficulties buying family farm foods.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to compare the sodium content displayed on the labels of conventional processed food products (C) and of those with nutrition claims suggesting the absence or reduced levels of nutrients (AR). Design/methodology/approach – Cross-sectional study analyzing the ingredients list, nutrition facts and nutrition claims on food labels. Subjects: all processed food products with added salt or additives containing sodium that were for sale in a large supermarket in Brazil from October to December 2011. Findings – All 3,449 products were analyzed and categorized into 66 groups according to Brazilian legislation. The median of sodium content in the AR was 42.7 percent higher than in the C (p=0.007). In 33.3 percent of the groups there was difference in sodium content between AR and C (p < 0.05) and in 68.2 percent of these the sodium content was higher in AR. The variation range of sodium in products from the same group reached 2,905.0 mg in C and 1,712.0 mg in AR. Even when the median of sodium was lower in the AR, the minimum sodium values were lower in the C. Originality/value – Comparisons of sodium content of conventional and AR processed food are scarce in the literature, especially covering all food for sale in a large supermarket. To the best of the knowledge, this is the first census making this comparisons in Latin America.

A hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) é um relevante problema de saúde pública mundial, marcado por desigualdades sociais. No Brasil, estudos sobre a HAS adotando uma perspectiva teórica de curso de vida são escassos. O presente artigo visa a analisar a relação entre mobilidade educacional intergeracional (MEI) e HAS em adultos brasileiros, verificando o impacto da discriminação interpessoal e da cor/“raça” nesta relação. Foram analisados dados dos pais e de 1.720 adultos, entre 20 e 59 anos, do Estudo EpiFloripa Adulto. Modelos de regressão multinível com efeitos aleatórios foram estimados. Os efeitos fixos mostraram relação inversa entre MEI e odds de HAS, com significância estatística para MEI alta (modelo paterno: OR [odds ratio] = 0,39, p = 0,006; modelo materno: OR = 0,35, p = 0,002; e modelo familiar: OR = 0,35, p = 0,001). Análises de interação demonstraram, por sua vez, que situações de discriminação podem atuar conjuntamente com a MEI desfavorável, elevando a odds de HAS, especialmente entre negros e pardos. Conclui-se que a MEI constantemente alta é capaz de reduzir significativamente a odds de HAS, mas que a discriminação pode intensificar o efeito de baixos níveis de educação, especialmente em segmentos da população socialmente marginalizados.

The present study examines the association between life-course socioeconomic position (SEP) and hypertension (SAH), focusing on the health impacts of childhood SEP (SEPc), adult SEP (SEPa), as well as SEP mobility. Data from the Brazilian EpiFloripa Cohort Study (n = 1,720; 56% women; 55% <= 30 years) were analyzed. SAH was determined by the average of two measures of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, previous medical diagnosis or use of anti-hypertensive medication (43% of the sample was hypertensive). The main independent variables were: SEPa – participants’ level of education; SEPc – parental educational attainment; and SEP mobility – the socio-economic trajectories from SEPc to SEPa. Five logistic regressions models were adjusted for sex, age or income, and were compared among each other. High SEPa was associated with a 37% reduction in the odds of SAH compared to low SEPa. High SEP over the life course was associated with 34-37% lower odds of SAH compared to persistent low SEP. Mobility models explained more of the outcome variance than the sensitive period model. The results reinforce the importance of education in the risk of SAH and the relevance of a socioeconomic mobility approach for the analysis of social inequalities in health.

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O objetivo foi verificar se a percepção das desordens físicas e sociais da vizinhança está associada a uma maior pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD), bem como examinar a influência do nível socioeconômico do setor censitário de residência sobre essa associação. Trata-se de um estudo transversal que incluiu uma amostra representativa de 1.720 adultos de 20 a 59 anos, residentes em Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Foram realizadas duas medidas de pressão arterial e coletadas informações referentes à percepção das desordens no bairro de moradia. A variável contextual utilizada foi a média de anos de escolaridade do chefe da família dos setores censitários investigados. A análise estatística incluiu modelos multiníveis, com o primeiro nível representado pelos indivíduos e o segundo, pelos setores censitários. Termos de interação entre os tercis de escolaridade do setor censitário e os tercis de percepção de desordens de vizinhança sobre a pressão arterial foram examinados. Não foram identificadas associações estatisticamente significativas globais entre desordens de bairro e PAS ou PAD. Entretanto, foi identificada uma média de PAS 7,88mmHg (IC95%: 1,38; 14,40) maior entre os respondentes que percebiam mais desordens de vizinhança e residiam em um setor com menor escolaridade, quando comparados com a categoria de referência. As políticas públicas que visam a reduzir ou que tenham impacto sobre os níveis pressóricos sistólico e diastólico na população também devem considerar as características do contexto em que a população está inserida, especificamente aqueles marcados por menores níveis de escolaridade.