Rosaceae is a large family in the plant regality, includes 3200 species in 115 genera such as Malus and Pyrus to which belong Malus domestica Borkh. fruits (apples) and Pyrus communis L. fruits (pears). Apples and pears have a wide variety of active constituents like anthocyanins, flavonoids, sterols, and tannins. P. communis and M. domestica fruits exhibit good antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, and chemopreventive activities. Botanists prefer to keep apple and pear under genus Pyrus but recently, American authors keep them distinct, apple under genus Malus and pear under genus Pyrus. Hybrids were developed to produce cultivars adapted to Egypt warm weather, so there is a large similarity between the different pear and apple cultivars which requires accurate and rapid techniques for their differentiation. The genetic discrimination between apple cultivars, Anna (1), Volus (2), Dorset golden (3) and pear cultivars, Le-Conte (4), MKM (5) and Flordahome (6) were carried out using start codon targeted and inter simple sequence repeat techniques with ten decamer primers, five for each technique. All primers gave bands with all cultivars with total 49 bands, 26 with ISSR and 23 with SCoT techniques, respectively with 27, 19 and 3 monomorphic, polymorphic and unique bands, respectively. According to combined dendrogram and similarity matrix, apple and pear cultivars grouped into two main groups, one contains the apple cultivars and the other contains pear cultivars with similarity coefficient 0.76-0.92. As a result, we can use ISSR and SCoT techniques for differentiation between apple and pear cultivars which have large morphological similarity.
P. communis L. (cv. Le-Conte) (pears) and M. domestica Borkh. (cv. Anna) (apples) are economic fruit crops cultivated in Egypt. Their leaves were assessed for their beta-sitosterol content and found to have 9.4 mg/ g dried leaves wt and 5 mg/g dried leaves, respectively. So we used the lipoidal leaves extracts in formulation of eight beta-sitosterol rich emulgels from which the most stable formulae were tested for their antimicrobial activity and finally, the formulae which exerted antimicrobial activity were biologically evaluated for wound healing against well known wound healing ointment Mebo ® which composed mainly of 0.25% betasitosterol in base of sesame oil and beeswax and wound contraction was statistically different in both formulae F3 and F8 from both control and Mebo ® groups which indicated better wound healing activity of these formulae ensured by further histopathological study of the healed wounds.
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