Macadamia integrifolia Maiden and Betche (Proteaceae) is one of the major tree crops of the world. In addition to its nutritional value, macadamia also contains a number of phytochemicals that are responsible for a variety of bioactivities, among which hypocholesterolic activity which has been frequently studied. No previous studies were done on the Macadamia cultivated in Egypt, this encouraged the authors to perform the present study aiming to throw light on the nutritional profile of title plant. Proximate analysis of the leaves, pericarp and kernel Macadamia integrifolia Maiden and Betche includes the determination of moisture content, total ash, total protein, total fats, total carbohydrates and crude fibers, study of vitamin E content by using HPLC, determination of the mineral content according to Association of Official Analytical Chemists(A.A.O.C). Macadamia showed a total fat (5.085%) in leaves, (67.96%) in kernel and (0.34%) in pericarp. The protein constitute (6.65 %) in leaves, (20.81%) in kernel and (6.91%) in pericarp. Carbohydrate constitutes (72.35%) in leaves, (5.8%) in kernel and (77.58%) in pericarp. Moisture content ranged from (11.72%) in leaves, (2.83%) in kernel and (9,65%) in pericarp. Ash content was (4.2%) in leaves, (2.6%) in kernel and (5.52%) in pericarp. The content of vitamin E in macadamia tested parts was (133.18 mg/100gm) in leaves, (61.49 mg/100gm) in kernel and (98.78 mg/100gm) in pericarp. The mineral contents of macadamia tested parts were resulted Calcium (851.51 mg/100gm) in leaves, (181.64 mg/100gm) in kernel and (177.16 mg/100gm) in pericarp, Potassium (838.16 mg/100g) in leaves, (3458.14 mg/100gm) in kernel and (7803.68 mg/100gm) in pericarp, Sodium constitutes (309.36 mg/100g) in leaves, (69.67 mg/100gm) in kernel and (156.58 mg/100gm) in pericarp, Iron was (9.72 mg/100g) in leaves, (9.48 mg/100gm) in kernel and (9.75 mg/100gm) in pericarp and Copper resulted (0.76 mg/100g) in leaves, (0.634 mg/100gm) in kernel and (0.668 mg/100gm) in pericarp.
Background: Prunus amygdalus Batsch (Rosaceae) is one of the major tree crops of the world.Inaddition to its nutritional value, almond also contains a number of phytochemicals that are responsible for a variety of bioactivities, among which antioxidant activity which has been frequently studied.Noprevious studies were done on Umm alfahm cultivar, this encouraged the authors to perform the present study aiming to throw light on the nutritional profile of title plant. Material and methods: Proximate analysis of the kernel Prunus amygdalus B. includes the determination of moisture content, total ash, total protein, total fats, total carbohydrates and crude fibers, study of vitamin E content by using HPLC, determination of the mineral content according to Association of Official Analytical Chemists(A.A.O.C) and determination of amino acid contents in kernels. Results: Almond were showed a total fat (52.083%) the protein constitute (22.83 %), carbohydrate (16.9%) adequate low moisture content (4.37%) low ash content (3.82%), the content of vitamin E in almond (77.67 mg/100gm), the mineral contents of almond were resulted Calcium (0.23%) Phosphorus (0.53%), Potassium 6656 mg/kg, Magnesium 2864 mg/kg, Sodium 1072.5 mg/kg, Iron119.9 mg/kg, Zinc 52.25 mg/kg, Selenium 68.71 mg/kg and Copper 13.55 mg/kg. The identified amino acids amounted to (40.2%) calculated on dry basis, total non-essential amino acids percentage (70%) was higher than the percentage of the essential amino acids (30%). Glutamic acid (5.02%) was the major non-essential amino acid identified, whereas Cysteine (0.37%) was the minor component, concerning the identified essential amino acids, Leucine was the major one (1.38 %), while methionine (0.16 %) was the minor component. Conclusion: From the present study,it could be concluded that the kernels of Prunus amygdalus Batsch"Umm alfahm" cultivated in Egypt are good for health and should readily be incorporated into diet.
Rosaceae is a large family in the plant regality, includes 3200 species in 115 genera such as Malus and Pyrus to which belong Malus domestica Borkh. fruits (apples) and Pyrus communis L. fruits (pears). Apples and pears have a wide variety of active constituents like anthocyanins, flavonoids, sterols, and tannins. P. communis and M. domestica fruits exhibit good antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, and chemopreventive activities. Botanists prefer to keep apple and pear under genus Pyrus but recently, American authors keep them distinct, apple under genus Malus and pear under genus Pyrus. Hybrids were developed to produce cultivars adapted to Egypt warm weather, so there is a large similarity between the different pear and apple cultivars which requires accurate and rapid techniques for their differentiation. The genetic discrimination between apple cultivars, Anna (1), Volus (2), Dorset golden (3) and pear cultivars, Le-Conte (4), MKM (5) and Flordahome (6) were carried out using start codon targeted and inter simple sequence repeat techniques with ten decamer primers, five for each technique. All primers gave bands with all cultivars with total 49 bands, 26 with ISSR and 23 with SCoT techniques, respectively with 27, 19 and 3 monomorphic, polymorphic and unique bands, respectively. According to combined dendrogram and similarity matrix, apple and pear cultivars grouped into two main groups, one contains the apple cultivars and the other contains pear cultivars with similarity coefficient 0.76-0.92. As a result, we can use ISSR and SCoT techniques for differentiation between apple and pear cultivars which have large morphological similarity.
Abstract. Tecoma genus is a medicinally-valuable member in Bignoniaceae family comprising fourteen defectively-demarcated species with overlapping vegetative characters. Our study aimed to explore the micro-morphometric, phytochemical and genetic diversity among eight cultivated Tecoma plants. The variabilities existing in three data matrices derived from micro-morphometric features of powdered leaves, high performance liquid chromatographic fingerprints and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprints were explored by multivariate analysis. The microscopical measurements of non-glandular trichomes, i.e. collapsed multicellular and branched, and glandular trichomes were revealed to be the significant botanical discriminatory features of the powdered plant specimens, however species-specific phytochemical markers were identified to be gallic acid, catechin and chlorogenic acid for T. radicans, T. grandiflora, T. capensis var. yellow, respectively. Sinapic acid was enriched in T capensis and its varieties i.e. pink, red and harmony. RAPD primers i.e. OP-B02, OP-C04 and OP-K2 served as molecular descriptors producing the highest polymorphism among the plants. The variabilities within two trumpet creeper plants “T. radicans and T. grandiflora” were unveiled via their micro-morphometric features as well as genetic fingerprints. Tecoma hybrid “Tecoma ×smithii” was more micro-morphometrically similar to the Chinese “T. grandiflora.” than T. capensis which is one of its parent plants, and proved to be more genetically related to it. This is the report for biodiversity in botanical, chemical and genetic aspects of Tecoma plants which are essential for the comprehensive authentication and differentiation among the studied plants assisted by multivariate analysis. The presented approach provides a competent and time-saving tool for simultaneously-discriminating among closely-related species. Resumen. El género Tecoma es un miembro medicinalmente valioso de la familia Bignoniaceae que comprende catorce especies demarcadas defectuosamente con caracteres vegetativos superpuestos. Nuestro estudio tuvo como objetivo explorar la diversidad micromorfométrica, fitoquímica y genética entre ocho plantas de Tecoma cultivadas. Se exploraron mediante análisis multivariado las variabilidades existentes en tres matrices de datos derivadas de las características micromorfométricas de las hojas en polvo, las huellas dactilares por medio de cromatografía líquida de alta resolución y las huellas dactilares de ADN polimórfico amplificado al azar (RAPD). Las mediciones microscópicas de tricomas no glandulares, esto es, tricomas multicelulares colapsados y ramificados, y tricomas glandulares mostraron ser las características significativas de discriminación botánica de las muestras en polvo de plantas. Se identificaron marcadores fitoquímicos específicos para algunas especies como ácido gálico, catequina y ácido clorogénico para T. radicans, T. grandiflora, T. capensis var. amarillo, respectivamente. El ácido sinápico está enriqueció en T capensis y sus variedades, esto es, rosa, rojo y armonía. Los cebadores RAPD, esto es, OP-B02, OP-C04 y OP-K2 sirvieron como descriptores moleculares que producen el polimorfismo más elevado entre las plantas. A través de sus características micromorfométricas y sus huellas genéticas se determinó la variabilidad en dos plantas trepadoras de trompeta “T. radicans y T. grandiflora.” El híbrido de Tecoma “Tecoma × smithii” es micromorfométricamente más similar al chino “T. grandiflora” que a T. capensis, que es una de sus plantas progenitoras, y mostró estar más relacionada genéticamente con ella. En esta investigación de biodiversidad en aspectos botánicos, químicos y genéticos de las plantas de Tecoma que son esenciales para la autenticación y diferenciación integral entre las plantas estudiadas con la ayuda del análisis multivariado. El enfoque presentado proporciona una herramienta eficiente y que ahorra tiempo para discriminar simultáneamente entre especies estrechamente relacionadas.
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