This paper discusses the impact caused by a virus outbreak called coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The virus initially appeared in Wuhan, China, in late 2019, then spread throughout the world, including the Asia-Pacific Region (APR). COVID-19 is believed to have damaged health and the global economy. Unlike the crisis that was caused by many previous disruptions, the impact caused by COVID-19 is wider and bigger. Many economic sectors have been paralyzed and suffered losses, such as production and trade. Export-import cooperation has become a dependency between countries, and this has also been hampered due to the rapid spread of this pandemic. Then, the closure of transportation access and the suggestion to stay at home has made the tourism sector sluggish. Meanwhile, another effect of this pandemic is the emergence of new poor groups due to the rise in layoffs. This study uses qualitative research methods to search for theoretical references relevant to cases or problems found in various works of literature, mainly scientific journals, books, reports, and actual and trusted news on the internet. This study aims to explore the potential of COVID-19 that not only threatens health, but also social, political, and economic spheres. From the analysis, it was concluded that COVID-19 could inhibit all global socio- economic activities that threaten the success of realizing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), but on the other hand, this pandemic can also be momentum for a more sustainable life order.
Aceh is a region with an autonomy in implementing Islamic law (sharia) and Baitul Mal is one of the institutions formed by the local government to support it. This article aims to discuss the authority of the state in managing zakat, infaq, and sadaqah (ZIS), and describe the authority of the Baitul Mal in managing ZIS as locally-generated revenue (PAD) in Aceh. The study used a case study approach by using the theory of authority as an analytical tool. Data collection techniques were carried out through interviews and document studies. The informants interviewed were the staff of the Baitul Mal and the staff management of the Ulema Consultative Council (MPU) in Pidie Regency and Sabang City. It found that the state, in this case, Baitul Mal, has the authority to manage ZIS which can be treated as PAD. This practice has contributed to poverty alleviation, scholarships, business capital, and community economic empowerment in Aceh. To facilitate the management of zakat funds, lex specialis can be applied as a position of Islamic law in the national legal framework.
This article highlights an idea of the importance of creativity and innovation in the face of a change that will inevitably occur in global competition, where technological sophistication is the main prerequisite to lead. The research relies on secondary data primarily from books, journals, published reports, online news, and others. This study observes business giants like Google as the best example of maximizing creativity and innovation in global competition and kitabisa.com as Indonesia's local social entrepreneurship pioneer. Then Nokia and Yahoo are examples of failure to implement creativity and innovation. From many theories, there are four theories to draw the relationship among creativity, innovation, and technology, namely: technology S-curve, punctuated equilibrium, dominant design, and absorptive capacity. However, many theories of creativity and innovation developed by scientists have their advantages and disadvantages. This study is expected to provide new insight for individuals, groups, practitioners, or stakeholders to overcome industrial revolution challenges.
This study examines zakat (obligatory charity) as a tax deduction in Aceh. Currently, the existing legal rule stipulates that zakat paid by muzakkī (zakat payers) to the National Zakat Board (BAZNAS) and Zakat Official Institution (LAZ) is deducted from taxable income. However, this rule has not been applied since there is no Government Regulation. This empirical legal study used a statutory approach, analyzing the point of view of legal politics theory. This study concludes that the State and Islamic Law in Aceh are closely related to the political context of Indonesian law. The government regulations from the Old Order to the Reform Era related to Islamic Law or Muslims have been greatly influenced by political configurations. When the configuration is democratic, the legal character embraces democratic values and vice versa. As a result, the legal regulations regarding zakat have not yet been enforced due to the strong political configuration. However, referring to the arguments and logic of legal politics that the government is democratic towards the aspirations in Aceh, the Governmental Regulation Draft/Rancangan Peraturan Pemerintah (RPP) for Zakat as Tax Deduction will strengthen the previous legal rule, stipulating zakat as a tax deduction factor. The unification of zakat and taxes in one legal instrument by the government, which has political and structural authority, will be able to realize justice and economic and social welfare of the community as the primary goal of zakat. AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji zakat sebagai faktor pengurang pajak di Aceh. Berdasarkan aturan hukum yang ada bahwa zakat yang dibayarkan oleh muzaki kepada BAZNAS atau LAZ dikurangkan dari penghasilan kena pajak. Namun sampai saat ini aturan ini belum teraplikasi karena belum ada Peraturan Pemerintah. Kajian ini merupakan studi hukum empiris dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan, dianalisis dari sudut teori politik hukum. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa hubungan antara agama, negara, dan hukum Islam di Aceh memiliki kaitan yang erat dengan konteks politik hukum Indonesia secara umum. Aturan pemerintah yang terkait dengan hukum Islam atau umat Islam sejak masa orde lama bahkan sampai reformasi dipengaruhi oleh konfigurasi politik, jika konfigurasinya demokratis maka karakter hukumnya juga demokratis begitu juga sebaliknya. Karena itu, aturan hukum tentang zakat tersebut sampai saat ini masih belum dapat diberlakukan karena kuatnya konfigurasi politik. Mengacu pada argumen dan logika politik hukum, pemerintah bersikap demokratis terhadap aspirasi di Aceh dengan membuat Rancangan Peraturan Pemerintah (RPP) tentang Zakat sebagai Pengurangan Pajak yang akan menguatkan aturan hukum sebelumnya, yaitu zakat sebagai faktor pengurang pajak. Penyatuan zakat dan pajak dalam satu instrumen hukum oleh pemerintah yang memiliki kewenangan politik dan struktural akan dapat mewujudkan keadilan dan kesejahteraan ekonomi dan sosial masyarakat sebagai tujuan utama zakat.
Provinsi Aceh merupakan salah satu provinsi di Indonesia yang memiliki potensi kopi yang bercita rasa tinggi. Komoditi ini menjadi banyak memberikan kontribusi dalam perolehan devisa kepada negara. Peneliti menarik melihat Peran Pemerintah Aceh Dalam Mendukung Standarisasi Kopi Menurut Konsep Value Chain Governance. Sampel penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara studi pustaka dengan referensi yang kuat dan bisa dipertanggung jawabkan. Adapun konsep yang penulis gunakan dalam melihat standarisasi tersebut adalah konsep Governance of Value Chain dengan berfokus pada rule-keeping dan rule-making, yang di dalamnya terdapat peran pemerintah dan juga pihak swasta. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tiga variasi peran pemerintah (eksekutif, legislatif dan yudikatif) belum berjalan maksimal. Hal ini terlihat dengan belum bersinerginya ketiga lembaga tersebut dalam melakukan peran untuk standarisasi ekspor kopi. Ini juga yang mengakibatkan belum maksimalnya pendapatan daerah dari hasil ekspor kopi. The province of Aceh is one of provinces in Indonesia that have the potential coffee high flavor. Commodity this be contributed a lot in foreign exchange earnings to the state. Researchers interesting look at the Role of the Government of Aceh In Support of the Standardization of Coffee According to the Concept of Value Chain Governance. Sample this research was conducted by means of literature with strong references and can be accounted for. As for the concept that the authors use in view of standardization is the concept of Governance of the Value Chain with focus on rule-keeping and rule-making, that in it there is the role of the government and also private parties. The results showed that the three variations of the role of government (executive, legislative and judicial) has not been running optimally. It is seen with yet the synergy of the three institutions in performing the role for the standardization of the export of coffee. This also resulted in not maximum revenue from the proceeds of coffee exports.
Environmental damage in Aceh Jaya is still a problem for the community to this day. Some of the problems that occur are the behavior of littering, air waste from a company to flooding problems due to damaged water culverts. In preventing these problems, it is necessary to have the role of local indigenous community leaders, namely immuem mukim. The purpose of this study was to find out how the role of the mukim in advocating the community for the prevention of environmental pollution in Aceh Jaya Regency. The research method used is a qualitative method with a case study approach. The results of the research found were the role of the mukim in solving problems at the Gampong level. Although the mukim mukim in Aceh jaya has carried out various kinds of advocacy and outreach to the community. Then regarding air pollution, regulations have also been made between the Gampong or mukim and the palm oil company. However, what the mukim does is not able to make himself a leader from a role in environmental advocacy, so he does not get support from the community and several other keuchik parties. In role theory, a person's behavior is regulated and expected by someone in a certain position. However, the immuem mukim in advocating for the community actually lacks support from the community who make rules for prohibiting waste disposal and rules for agreements to avoid waste pollution from a company that has received less attention from the community and the local Keuchik.
Law on natural resource management in Indonesia only deals with each sector, which results in a frequent conflict of law between laws in one sector and another. To prevent such conflict, Indonesia requires one comprehensive, integrated, and synergic law regarding the natural resource management in order that each law in this sector does not conflict. In addition, Indonesia also needs to actualize harmonization, revision, and invalidation of law, and even needs to establish new law in natural resource management.
This study aims to discuss the advocacy of imeum mukim in preventing environmental pollution in Aceh Jaya according to customary and Islamic law. The research is an empirical legal study, while the research approach is a case study approach, which is a study that analyzes a particular case. The theory used is the role and authority theory associated with customary and Islamic law. This study concludes that imeum mukim has a vital role and authority in Acehnese society because imuem mukim can resolve cases at the mukim level if it is unresolved at the village level. Then Imeum Mukim in Aceh Jaya has been advocating and socializing the prevention of environmental pollution by revitalizing customary rules, making qanuns at the mukim and village levels that accommodate the protection of the environment, for example, maintaining watersheds and prohibiting logging, including protecting certain animals. In addition, Imuem Mukim can also encourage CSR funds from companies to assist orphans, the poor, and environmental conservation. Furthermore, environmental pollution in the perspective of customary law is accommodated in customary rules and prohibitions. This is because customary law has philosophical, juridical, and sociological powers that have become living law. Meanwhile, in the perspective of the Islamic law that polluting the environment is a prohibition that brings God's wrath, it also destroys environmental sustainability and human benefit in general. On the other hand, preserving the environment is an obligation humans must carry out.
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