Robots can be mathematically modeled with computer programs where the results can be displayed visually, so it can be used to determine the input, gain, attenuate and error parameters of the control system. In addition to the robot motion control system, to achieve the target points should need a research to get the best trajectory, so the movement of robots can be more efficient. One method that can be used to get the best path is the SOM (Self Organizing Maps) neural network. This research proposes the usage of SOM in combination with PID and Fuzzy-PD control for finding an optimal path between source and destination. SOM Neural network process is able to guide the robot manipulator through the target points. The results presented emphasize that a satisfactory trajectory tracking precision and stability could be achieved using SOM Neural networking combination with PID and Fuzzy-PD controller.The obtained average error to reach the target point when using Fuzzy-PD=2.225% and when using PID=1.965%.
The target of the Indonesian government in 2025 is increasing the use of renewable energy up to 23%, one part of potential renewable energy in Indonesia is biofuel. Biofuel requires raw materials of plant or animal oil with or without catalyst, it does not require the raw material of ethanol or methanol. The product is similar to gasoline and diesel that came from crude oil. Potential oil-producing plants in Indonesia are Palm Oil and Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L.). The process of making biofuel from this material is done by heating the reactor or furnace with temperature range of 350-500°C. To reach the stability of furnace temperature, it requires temperature control systems and one of them is PID. Arduino microcontroller is an open source and user friendly platform for hardware and software. The control system that designed by using arduino is capable to control the furnace temperature from 200°C to 400°C and it is using a 6000 watt heater. The best system response is achieved when Kp=15, Ki=15 and Kd=1. With these parameter values, the system has the lowest overshoot response of 16%, so it is safe for biofuel furnace, even though the rise time value is 146 s, settling time of 429 and steady state error is equal to 2.87%.
Folding machine prototype is a tool for folding clothes that used a LEGO Mindstorm EV3 and the movement of this LEGO will be controlled by using the proposed method.This research is using 2 kind of systems, first is (Proportional Integration Derrivative) and second is Fuzzy-PD. This system can improve the production efficiency especially in micro convection-based industry (UKM). This folding machine prototype has 3 folds connected to the EV3 Large Motors as actuators. PID and Fuzzy-PD control systems are used to control the position of the motor angle by reading the rotary encoder. Based on the test results with load condition at Kp=7,00; Ki=2.00; Kd=15.5,the PID control system has a rise time of 0.479s with settling time of 0.551s and overshoot value of 9,1%. While the result of Fuzzy-PD control shows the rise time is equal to 0.617s with settling time of 0.7s and overshoot value of 7.5%.
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