Latar belakang. Kanker serviks merupakan keganasan terbanyak keempat pada wanita di dunia. Jumlah kasus baru setiap tahun di Indonesia sebanyak 20.928 dengan kematian 9498. Infeksi Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) risiko tinggi adalah penyebab utama kanker serviks. World Health Organization (WHO) dan Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia (IDAI) merekomendasikan vaksinasi HPV untuk wanita 9−14 tahun. Vaksin HPV mulai diberikan melalui bulan imunisasi anak sekolah (BIAS). Tujuan. Mengetahui kesediaan vaksinasi HPV dan hal-hal yang dipertimbangkan dalam menerima vaksinasi pada remaja putri di Yogyakarta. Metode. Penelitian cross-sectional dengan kuesioner anonim pada 319 remaja putri yang dipilih secara cluster random sampling pada September−Oktober 2016. Kriteria inklusi adalah pelajar putri sekolah menengah pertama (SMP) di kota Yogyakarta, bersedia mengikuti penelitian, mendapat persetujuan dari pihak sekolah dan orang tua. Lima dieksklusi karena data tidak lengkap. Hasil. Kesediaan mendapat vaksinasi sebesar 9,9%. Kehalalan dan keamanan vaksin adalah hal yang dipertimbangkan dalam pengambilan keputusan vaksinasi. Kesimpulan. Kesediaan mendapat vaksinasi HPV pada remaja putri masih rendah. Sari Pediatri 2017;18(6):
Hyperacidity causes gastric injury, and in severe situations, ulcer could develop. The growth factors known as the basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and the epidermal growth factor (EGF) have been recognized to promote ulcer healing. Fucoidan is extracted from a brown seaweed of Okinawa called Mozuku or Cladosiphon okamuranus. Fucoidan is effective for the healing of gastric ulcers by inducing epithelial cells to produce growth factors. The aim of this study is to explore the efficacy of fucoidan in patient who suffered by gastric ulcer. A randomized control trial double blind was conducted to 33 eligible samples. By using four-blocks random samples were divided into fucoidan and placebo groups. 100 mg of fucoidan was given to the fucoidan group and 100 mg of glucose was given to the placebo group. Due to ethical reasons, for both groups were given a proton pump inhibitor. There was no difference in the age category between the fucoidan group (mean: 46.23 ± 14.8 years) and the placebo group (mean: 46.18 ± 18.4 years) (p: 0.28). There was also no difference in sex between the fucoidan group (female: 10/33; male 7/33) and the placebo group (female: 7/33; male: 9/33); p: 0.38. According to the SAKITA and MIWA criterias 32 patients fulfilled A1 which indicate active severe ulcer, and 1 patient fulfilled A2 which indicate active moderate ulcer. Most of the ulcers were gastric ulcer. There was a significant improvement of the grade of ulcer in fucoidan group (94%) (16/17) compared to placebo group (37.5%) (6/16,p: 0.005). There was a significant reduction of abdominal pain after 5 days in the fucoidan group, compared to the placebo group (p: 0.04). Vomiting tends to decrease in day 6 of the fucoidan group however its proportion is similar with that of the placebo group (p: 0.9). Fucoidan is effective for ulcer healing and reducing ulcer symptoms.
Background Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy in children and adolescents. Febrile Neutropenia (FN) is a medical emergency on ALL that often leads to death. Nutrition status assessment on ALL patient is important because malnutrition can reduce the tolerance of chemotherapy, increase incidence of infection and decrease survival rate. Objectives To assess malnutrition as a risk factor for FN in children with ALL. Methods This case-control study was performed at Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta on patients aged 1 month to 18 years diagnosed with ALL and undergoing induction phase chemotherapy between January 2013 and December 2015. The case and control subjects were children with and without FN, respectively. Febrile neutropenia was confirmed by patients temperature above 38ºC at one measurement and a peripheral neutrophil count of less than 1,000/mm3. Malnutrition was defined as body weight-for-height was between -2 and <-3 standard deviation. Subjects were included using simple random sampling. Result Bivariate analysis showed a significant correlation between malnutrition and FN (OR 2.62; 95%CI 1.07 to 6.45; P=0.03). However, there was no inverse correlation between socioeconomic status and FN (OR 1.1; 95%CI 0.42 to 2.41; P=0.83). There was no correlation between nutritional status and duration of FN (P= 0.48). Conclusion Malnutrition is a risk factor for FN in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Latar belakang. Hingga saat ini, diare masih menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan dunia, terutama di negara berkembang, termasuk di Indonesia. Salah satu komplikasi lanjutan dari dehidrasi pada diare adalah gangguan elektrolit serum. Tujuan. Untuk mengetahui prevalensi gangguan elektrolit serum pada pasien diare dengan dehidrasi serta karakteristik klinis pasien dan hubungan antara derajat dehidrasi terhadap gangguan elektrolit serum. Metode. Penelitian retrospektif dengan rancangan cross sectional menggunakan data rekam medis. Perbedaan dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi-square. Hasil. Jumlah pasien yang memenuhi kriteria adalah 173 pasien, 115 pasien yang memiliki data rekam medis lengkap. Tujuh puluh di antaranya mengalami gangguan elektrolit serum. Jenis gangguan elektrolit serum terbanyak dialami adalah hipokalsemia (17,34%). Dari 173 pasien diare dengan dehidrasi, 64,74% berjenis kelamin laki-laki, 43,35% berusia 12-35 bulan, 83,24% mengalami muntah, 52,6% mengalami demam, 4,62% mengalami dehidrasi berat. Penelitian ini tidak membuktikan adanya hubungan signifikan antara derajat dehidrasi terhadap gangguan elektrolit (p=0,243). Kesimpulan. Prevalensi gangguan elektrolit serum pada pasien diare dengan dehidrasi pada anak adalah 40,46%. Sari Pediatri 2018;20(1):37-42Kata Kunci: diare, dehidrasi, gangguan elektrolit serum Prevalence of Serum Electrolyte Disorder in Children Under Five with Diarrhea and Dehydration in Dr. Sardjito Hospital on 2013-2016Rosyida Avicennianing Tyas, * Wahyu Damayanti, ** Eggi Arguni ** Background. Until now, diarrhea is still one of the world health problems, primarily in developing country. One of the complications of dehydration in diarrhea is serum electrolyte disorder. Objective. To determine the prevalence of serum electrolyte disorder in diarrhea patients with dehydration and the patient clinical characteristics, and the relationship of dehydration level to serum electrolyte disorder.Methods. This was a retrospective study with cross-sectional design using medical records. The differences analyzed using Chi-Square. Results. Of the total 173 patients, those met the criteria, 115 patients with complete medical records. Serum electrolyte disorder was observed in 70 patients. The major serum electrolyte disorder noted were hypocalcemia (17,34%). Of 173 diarrhea patients with dehydration, 64,74% were males, 43,35% were aged between 12 to 35 months, 83,24% had vomiting, 52,6% had a fever, 4,62% had severe dehydration. This study didn't show any relationship of dehydration level to serum electrolyte profile (p=0,243). Conclusion. The prevalence of serum electrolyte disorder is 40,46%. Sari Pediatri 2018;20(1):37-42
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