The comparison was made between eighteen mutant and four non-mutant rice straw variety in Indonesia in terms of chemical composition, nutrient value and in vitro digestibility. The second objective was to determine the correlation between in vitro digestibility parameters and fibrous component in twenty-two Indonesian rice straw varieties. Rice straw samples were collected in triplicate from three replicate plots. The effect of variety on rice straw quality, nutrient values and in vitro digestibility was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results demonstrated that the rice straw varieties differed (P<0.
Five rice straw cultivars in Indonesia (Atomita 1, Bestari, Inpari Sidenuk, Situ Gintung and Ciherang) were investigated for nutrient and in vitro digestibility as ruminants roughage. Except Ciherang, all cultivars were mutant rice variety. This study aimed to: 1) assess the influence of variety on the nutrient and fiber variation of rice straw; 2) predict the nutrient value of rice straw using fiber content; and 3) evaluate the in vitro digestibility of five rice straw cultivars in Indonesia. Except for acid detergent lignin (ADL) (P= 0.09), a significant difference (P<0.05) were observed for all nutrient and fiber contents between all varieties. Acid detergent fiber (ADF) and cellulose content in mutant varieties were significantly higher than Ciherang variety. Based on fiber content, the range in relative feed value (RFV) varied by 60.99 -68.89. However, all rice straw varieties are included in reject forage class. There were significant differences at 48 and 72 h in vitro gas production (P<0.05) between all varieties. Highly significant differences (P<0.001) were observed for optimum (a+b) and rate gas production (c) traits. The in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) varied from 30.30 -35.87%. Those results could explain differences in nutritional quality and digestibility of rice straw according to cultivars. Ciherang variety had a good prospect for ruminant roughage due to the highest nutrient value and digestibility.
INTISARINutrien daun kelor (Moringa oleifera) dan jerami kacang hijau (Vigna radiata) sebagai hijauan pakan ternak cukup berkualitas sehingga perlu diproteksi untuk meningkatkan efektivitas penggunaannya di dalam rumen. Daun nangka mengandung total tanin sebesar 7,08%, sehingga potensial digunakan sebagai bahan untuk memproteksi bahan pakan sumber protein. Studi in vitro perlu dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi penggunaan tepung daun nangka untuk meningkatkan efektivitas penggunaan hijauan berupa daun kelor dan jerami kacang hijau. Tujuan dari studi yang dilakukan adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan tepung daun nangka terhadap nilai biologis daun kelor dan jerami kacang hijau. Evaluasi produksi metana juga dilakukan untuk mengetahui efisiensi proses fermentasi. Perlakuan penelitian adalah: 1) jerami kacang hijau; 2) jerami kacang hijau + 0,7% daun nangka; 3) jerami kacang hijau + 1,4% daun nangka; 4) daun kelor; 5) daun kelor + 0,7% daun nangka; 6) daun kelor + 1,4% daun nangka. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan pengulangan sebanyak tiga kali. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap produksi gas total (inkubasi ke-0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, dan 24 jam), konsentrasi gas metana (%), karakteristik produksi gas dan karakteristik produk fermentasi rumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan tepung daun nangka tidak berpengaruh terhadap produksi gas total, produksi gas maksimum dan laju degradasi kedua jenis hijauan pakan. Penambahan 0,7 dan 1,4% tepung daun nangka dapat menurunkan konsentrasi gas metana daun kelor berturut-turut sebesar 4,93% dan 3,19%. Penambahan tepung daun nangka juga mampu meningkatkan rasio CO2:CH4 substrat jerami kacang hijau masing-masing sebesar 4,42 dan 6,49%. Tepung daun nangka juga tidak memberikan efek negatif terhadap produk fermentasi rumen (pH, NH3, VFA total, dan degradasi bahan organik).(Kata kunci: In vitro, Daun kelor, Produksi gas total, Tepung daun nangka, Jerami kacang hijau) ABSTRACT Previous studies indicated kelor (Moringa oleifera) leaves and green mung beans (Vigna radiata) straws can provide good nutrient sources for ruminant. Protection of high quality nutrients from rumen microbe degradation might improve nutrient utilization for ruminants. Nutrient protection using tannins is aplicable methods to formulate rumen undegradable feed. Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) leave contain 7.08% tannins, therefore it is potential to be used as tannin source to protect nutrient of feed, especially protein, in the rumen. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of tannin addition from jackfruit leaves on biological values of kelor leaves and green mung bean straws by in vitro trial.Methane production was also observed to determine the effects of jackfruit leaves addition on kelor leave and green mung bean straw. The treatments were: 1) green mung bean straw; 2) green mung bean straw + 0.7% jackfruit leaves meal; 3) green mung bean straws + 1.4% jackfruit leaves meal; 4) kelor leaves; 5) kelor leaves + 0.7% jackfruit leaves meal; and 6) kelor lea...
This study investigated the effect of harvesting time on concentration and biological activity of tannin in Andrographis paniculata (A. paniculata) leaves and determined the in vitro rumen fermentation and digestibility of diet supplemented with A. paniculata leaves to evaluate its role as herbal supplement in ruminant's feed. A. paniculata leaves were harvested at two time points i.e., before and after flowering phase and the samples were dried to analyze concentration and biological activity of tannin. Rice straw was used as basal diet to carry out in vitro digestibility trial. Four treatments were used including B consisting basal diet only, BBF and BAF each consisting basal diet supplemented with 1% A. paniculata leaves before and after flowering phases, respectively, and BBAF supplemented with 0.5% A. paniculata leaves before and 0.5% after flowering phase. Each treatment was carried out in five replications. Results revealed that contents (mg/g) for total tannin (20.40±1.06 vs 19.33±1.19; P<0.05) and condensed tannin (8.44±0.17 vs 5.47±0.30; P<0.01) were greater in leaves harvested after flowering compared with before flowering phase, however, no significant difference (P > 0.05) on biological activity of tannins was observed between the two flowering phases. The in vitro gas production was not influenced (P > 0.05) by the supplementation of A. paniculata leaves before and after flowering phase. A. paniculata supplementation also did not influence (P > 0.05) in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) and total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) values. It was concluded that the supplementation of A. paniculata leaves before and after flowering phase in the diet does not affect the digestibility.
About 25% of the anthropogenic methane emissions are due to ruminal fermentation from ruminant livestock. Green medicated supplement (Green MS) is a prototype herb and slow-release urea-based supplement to reduce methane emissions from livestock. This experiment aimed to evaluate the methane emission and digestibility of forage-based rations supplemented with Green MS. This study examines six forages (palm oil leaves, rice straw, Napier grass, sugarcane leaves, native grass and maize straw). That six forages were supplemented with Green MS. The total treatments were 12, with four replications. A completely randomized design was applied in this study. Besides native grass, Green MS can reduce in vitro enteric methane by 0.23 - 3.05 ml/200 mg DM (P < 0.05). However, Green MS did not change the value of all forage’s optimum gas production (a+b). It is interesting to note that gas production from non-soluble fibre (GPNSF) could be enhanced with Green MS in maize straw and native grass (P < 0.05). The response to supplements varies depending on the utilization of the feed substrate in incubation. In conclusion, without affecting feed digestibility, Green MS supplementation could lower enteric methane emissions.
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