Effects of Harvesting Time on Tannin Biological Activity in Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) Leaves and In vitro Diet Digestibility Supplemented with Sambiloto Leaves

Abstract

This study investigated the effect of harvesting time on concentration and biological activity of tannin in Andrographis paniculata (A. paniculata) leaves and determined the in vitro rumen fermentation and digestibility of diet supplemented with A. paniculata leaves to evaluate its role as herbal supplement in ruminant's feed. A. paniculata leaves were harvested at two time points i.e., before and after flowering phase and the samples were dried to analyze concentration and biological activity of tannin. Rice straw was used as basal diet to carry out in vitro digestibility trial. Four treatments were used including B consisting basal diet only, BBF and BAF each consisting basal diet supplemented with 1% A. paniculata leaves before and after flowering phases, respectively, and BBAF supplemented with 0.5% A. paniculata leaves before and 0.5% after flowering phase. Each treatment was carried out in five replications. Results revealed that contents (mg/g) for total tannin (20.40±1.06 vs 19.33±1.19; P<0.05) and condensed tannin (8.44±0.17 vs 5.47±0.30; P<0.01) were greater in leaves harvested after flowering compared with before flowering phase, however, no significant difference (P > 0.05) on biological activity of tannins was observed between the two flowering phases. The in vitro gas production was not influenced (P > 0.05) by the supplementation of A. paniculata leaves before and after flowering phase. A. paniculata supplementation also did not influence (P > 0.05) in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) and total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) values. It was concluded that the supplementation of A. paniculata leaves before and after flowering phase in the diet does not affect the digestibility.

Review: Effect of Experimental Diets on the Microbiome of Productive Animals

“…Similarly, diets used in goats [ 80 , 81 ], in treatments including Andrographis paniculata and Piper sarmentosum , respectively, showed a population increase in Fibrobacter succinogenes . In the former, possibly due to the increase in ruminal pH caused by ruminal bacteria, which subsequently provides benefits [ 181 ]. On the other hand, the decrease in Fibrobacter succinogenes populations after the inclusion of Piper sarmentosum suggests that the inhibitory causes of bioactive compounds, such as tannins, affect other gram-positive bacteria, as well as essential oils, which have been shown to inhibit the relative abundance of Fibrobacter succinogenes as with other metagenomic bacteria in the rumen [ 176 ].…”

Influence of feed supplement based on Andrographis paniculata and irradiated chitosan on in vitro fermentation and methane production of selected forage

“…It has been suggested that the bioactive compounds found in Andrographis paniculata play a role in methane reduction. Tannins present in this herb can be used as methane inhibitors [13].…”

“…Chitosan may be utilised as a natural rumen modifier because it modifies rumen fermentation in desirable methods, such as increasing propionate and decreasing acetate, which is desirable for higher energy synthesis with possibly minimised methane emission [9]. As herbs, due to the availability of active compounds in Andrographis paniculata, it can be used as a supplement's ingredient [12,13]. As ruminant feed supplements, it is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of these two component combinations.…”