Bien que les réanimations ne comprennent en général qu’une faible proportion des lits hospitaliers; elles constituent la scène d’une forte proportion des infections nosocomiales La gestion du risque infectieux en réanimation constitue aujourd’hui une priorité; l’un des axes stratégiques prioritaires est la mise en place d’un système de surveillance épidémiologique. Nos objectifs étaient de déterminer l’incidence et les Aspects Cliniques afin d’identifier les facteurs de risque. Il s’agit d’une étude descriptive longitudinale d’incidence incluant les patients ayant dépassés 48 heures dans le service de réanimation polyvalente à l’hôpital Ibn El Jazzar de Kairouan sur une période d’une année allant de 01/03/2013 jusqu’au 28/02/2014. L’enquête a porté sur 265 patients dont l’âge moyen était 39±20 ans (18 à 93 ans) et le sexe ratio (H/F) a été de 2,48. Nous avons identifié 125 épisodes d’infections nosocomiales chez 81 malades soit une incidence de 30,6%. La densité d’incidence était de 55 infections pour 1000 jours d’hospitalisation. On a notifié une nette prédominance des pneumopathies avec une incidence de 27,73%, suivies des infections urinaires de 9,73%, des infections liées au cathétérisme veineux central 6,25% et des infections du site opératoire de 2,34%. Le taux de mortalité parmi les enquêtés a été de 28,7% avec une différence significative entre les patients infectés (44,7% des cas) et ceux non infectés (29,07%) (p < 10-3). Les microorganismes étaient des BGN dans 80% des cas. La prévention ne peut se concevoir que sous la forme d’une action globale et multidisciplinaire.
This study presents the characteristics of child and adolescent suicides which occurred in Kairouan, Tunisia. Data were collected from autopsy records of the Forensic Department of the University Hospital Ibn El Jazzar of Kairouan. General characteristics of suicides among children and adolescents (under the age of 18) between 2009 and 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 49 cases, with a female predominance (61.2%) and a mean age of 15.4 ± 2.1, were registered. Most of the victims were from rural areas (93.1%). In most cases, suicide occurred in the victim's home or the surrounding area (73.4%). The identified precipitating factors were family problems in 55.1%, and school issues in 12.2%. The most common suicide method was hanging (69.38%) for both genders, followed by self-immolation for males and poisoning for females, the majority using pesticides. This study offers useful information to understand the risk factors in Tunisian child and adolescent suicides and provides a basis for the development of urgently needed preventive strategies.
Violence against women represents a serious concern worldwide. In Tunisia, despite an advanced legislative framework, we still receive women victims of violence. This survey aimed to characterize the demographic and clinical profile of women victims of violence in Kairouan, central Tunisia. This survey was designed as a cross-sectional study. It concerned women victims of violence over 18 years old, consulting the emergency department of the University Hospital of Kairouan during 3 months in 2017. We defined violence against women according to the Tunisian protection of gender discrimination law. This survey included 100 Tunisian victims of violence; their median age was 35 (ranging from 18 to 59 years old). This study showed that 58% of victims, CI95% [48.3%, 67.6%], were illiterate or had only a primary level education and that 90%, CI95% [84.1%, 95.8%], had a low or middle socioeconomic level. The Intimate Partner Violence was about 70% among all cases, CI 95% [61.0%, 78.9%]. Most aggressive partners were young (aged between 39 and 51 years old). The most affected part of the body was the face (76%, CI 95% [67.6%, 84.3%]). Alcohol consumption was the primary risk factor of violence in 29.6% of cases, CI95% [20.0%, 37.9%]. Other risk factors were the occupational instability, conflicts with the family in-laws and infidelity. Violence against women remains widespread. Even strict legislations in Tunisia didn't protect women sufficiently from different types of violence. It mostly happens within intimate relationships. Therefore, surveillance and early intervention controlling risk factors are extremely important.
Acute subclavian artery dissection (SAD) is a rare entity which is usually associated with several vascular abnormalities and traumatic events. Spontaneous SAD remains exceptional and often affects the left artery. We report the autopsy case of a 29-year-old female who died suddenly following a spontaneous dissection of the right subclavian artery.
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