Quantitative determination of cytomegalovirus (CMV) human IgG antibody by ELISA performed in polystyrene trays was carried out and compared with results obtained by the routine complement fixation (CF) test. The antibody titres of all the sera determined by ELISA were higher than those detected by the CF test. Of the 27 sera negative (less than 1:8) by the CF test, 22 of them were also negative (less than 1:50) by ELISA. The other five CF negative sera were found to have low levels of antibody by ELISA. ELISA is a sensitive and specific assay for CMV antibody. The CMV antigen adsorbed readily to the microtitre plates and the test was simple to perform. The results of ELISA could be obtained in 5 to 6h. A description of the test procedure is given including the method of CMV antigen attachment to the plates. The possibility of using paired sera at a single dilution in the ELISA test to detect seroconversion is discussed.
S U M M A R YThe ~4 variant of Dictyostelium discoideum is characterized by the production of fruiting structures in which the overall proportion of stalk to spore material is increased, relative to the wild type. The altered morphology of the mutant is due to increased sensitivity to cyclic AMP which promotes stalk cell differentiation. In the presence of I O -~ M-cyclic AMP the entire population of ~4 amoebae forms clumps of stalk cells on the surface of the dialysis membrane support.Measurement of changes in activity of a range of developmentally-regulated enzymes during the development of ~4 in the presence and absence of cyclic AMP has allowed us to identify three classes of enzyme : (i) Those, such as /3-glucosidase 11, trehalose-6-phosphate synthetase and uridine diphosphogalactose-4-epimerase, which are required for the production of spores. (ii) Enzymes, primarily but perhaps not exclusively, required during stalk cell formation, Typical of these are N-acetylglucosaminidase and alkaline phosphatase. (iii) General enzymes, such as threonine dehydrase, a-mannosidase and uridine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase, which are present in both pre-stalk and pre-spore cells and appear to be necessary for the development of both cell types.
I N T R O D U C T I O NChanges in enzyme specific activities during the development of the cellular slime moulds have been studied to understand the biochemical mechanisms underlying development. Sussman and his co-workers (for a review, see Sussman & Sussman, 1969) have focused their attention on the role of transcription and translation of enzymes while Wright (1966, 1972) and her associates look to the role of enzyme substrates and products in the chemical control of development. As has been pointed out (Francis, 1969;Bonner, 1971; Newell, 197r), there is no conflict between these two proposed mechanisms and it is reasonable to assume that both play a role in development.Development leads to the production of both stalk cells and spores and these exhibit different metabolic activities during development. By dissection of individual slugs, Newell, Ellingson & Sussman (I 969) demonstrated that different programmes of enzyme synthesis occurred during the development of stalk cells and spores. This approach is however limited to that period in development when pre-stalk and pre-spore cells are separable in the aggregate, and does not allow either to be examined throughout development. Since a separation of spore cell development from stalk cell development is possible in the variant ~4 , we have used it in our studies. In the development of ~4 there is both stalk cell and spore differentiation, .but in the development of ~4 amoebae with 1 0 -4 M-
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