Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase of Bryophyllum fedtschenkoi was shown to exist in two forms: a night form, which is phosphorylated and has low sensitivity to inhibition by malate, and a day form, which is dephosphorylated and 10 times more sensitive to malate. The day and night forms of the enzyme were purified retaining their distinct malate sensitivities and phosphorylation states. The purified enzymes contained a major protein (subunit Mr 112,000) and a minor protein (subunit Mr 123,000). The two polypeptides appeared to have closely related amino acid sequences and were present in a similar ratio in extracts that had been prepared rapidly. The phosphate present in the night form of the enzyme was covalently bound to serine. It was not a catalytic intermediate. Alkaline phosphatase removed the phosphate group in vitro and increased the malate sensitivity of the enzyme to that observed for the day form. Both the day and night forms of the enzyme were probably tetramers, and their apparent Mr was lowered by the presence of malate, but was unaffected by Mg2+ ions, EDTA, a rise in pH or a 10-fold change in enzyme concentration. The rapid loss of malate sensitivity, observed in extracts of leaves prepared during the day and at night, was shown to be due to proteolysis of the enzyme. It was slowed in the presence of malate and by phosphorylation of the enzyme.
The World Health Organization in 1948 defined health as a complete sense of physical, mental, and social wellbeing. In 1998 the definition was revised to include the importance of spiritual wellbeing and the connection between mind and body in the healing process. The word spirit comes from the Latin 'spiritus' meaning breath, and spirituality has been described as a search for existential meaning regarding a power other than the self that is not necessarily called 'God'. This search for meaning includes a need for identity and relatedness, and is sometimes expressed as a need to feel loved or accepted and of having a sense of self-worth. Spirituality is about acceptance, integration, and wholeness, and is the essence of what it means to be human. SPIRITUAL CARE Spiritual care can be defined as care that recognises and responds to the needs of the human spirit when faced with trauma, ill health, or sadness. It includes the need for meaning and self-worth, to express oneself, for faith support or simply for a sensitive listener. It is usually given in a one-to-one relationship, is person centred, and makes no assumptions about personal conviction or life orientation.
Samples of pectoral muscle tissue from Zebra Finches Poephila guttata were taken from birds at various stages of egg laying. As egg laying progressed, there was a significant loss of both water-soluble and alkali-soluble proteins. Gel filtration of the water-soluble proteins showed three peaks, only one of which changed significantly during the laying cycle. This was a high-molecular-weight protein that declined in concentration during the period of egg laying. This protein may function as a reserve, enabling female birds to provide amino acids for egg protein production from their muscle tissue without impairing normal muscle function.
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