Induction of stalk cell differentiation by cyclic-AMP in a susceptible variant of Dictyostelium discoideum

Chia, W. K.

doi:10.1016/0012-1606(75)90395-4

Cited by 45 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…One possible signal is cyclic AMP which is known to be required for stalk differentiation (Bonner, 1970;Chia, 1975;Town et al, 1976;Town and Stanford, 1977) and known to be present in higher levels in anteriors than in posteriors (Bonner, 1949;Pan et al, 1974;Brenner, 1977). Also consistent with the idea that a cyclic AMP signal is required for stalk cell differentiation is the suggestion that the prebasal disc cells are probably also a source of cyclic AMP (see above) and that these cells differentiate as the stalk cells of the basal disc.'…”

Section: Fate Of Anterior-like Cells During Culminatimzmentioning

confidence: 74%

Fate and regulation of anterior-like cells in Dictyostelium slugs

Sternfeld

David

1982

Developmental Biology

180

103

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Section: Fate Of Anterior-like Cells During Culminatimzmentioning

confidence: 74%

Fate and regulation of anterior-like cells in Dictyostelium slugs

Sternfeld

David

1982

Developmental Biology

180

103

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“…Such localization of a signal could be used by the organism to stimulate differentiation of cells in that region without affecting cells elsewhere in the slug. It is thus interesting to note that cAMP has already been shown to stimulate stalk cell differentiation in several situations [38][39][40][41].…”

Section: Cell Type Conversion During Pattern Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Sorting daring Pattern Formation in Dictyostelium

1981

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Formation of the prestalk‐prespore pattern in Dictyostelium was investigated in slugs and submerged clumps of cells. Prestalk and prespore cells were identified by staining with vital dyes, which are shown to be stable cell markers. Dissociated slug cells reaggregate and form slugs that contain a prestalk‐prespore pattern indistinguishable from the original pattern. The pattern forms by sorting out of stained prestalk cells from unstained prespore cells. Sorting also occurs in clumps of dissociated slug cells submerged in liquid or agar. A pattern arises in 2 h in which a central core of stained cells is surrounded by a periphery of unstained cells. Sorting appears to be due to differential chemotaxis of stained and unstained cells to cAMP since exogenous cAMP (>10−7 M) reverses the normal direction of sorting‐out such that stained cells sort to the periphery of the clumps. Isolated portions of slugs regenerate a new prestalk‐prespore pattern. Posterior isolates regenerate a pattern within 2 h due to sorting of a population of vitally stained ‘anterior‐like’ cells present in posteriors. Anterior‐like cells do not sort in intact slugs due to the influence of a diffusible inhibitor secreted by the anterior region. During posterior regeneration this signal is absent and anterior‐like cells rapidly acquire the ability to sort. Anterior isolates regenerate a staining pattern more slowly than posterior isolates by a process that requires conversion of stained prestalk cells to unstained prespore cells. The results suggest that pattern formation in Dictyostelium consists of two processes: establishment of appropriate proportions of two cell types and establishment of the pattern itself by a mechanism of sorting‐out.

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“…We believe these cells to be stalk cells and, although not arranged in a fruiting structure, to be identical to the stalk cells formed during normal development. The major evidence in support of this conclusion comes from photomicrographs which show that the change in morphology of the cells, from the appearance of many smali vacuoles to their merger into a large vacuole, coincides exactly with these changes during fruiting body construction (Chia, 1975). The structure of the final vacuolated cells and normal stalk cells are identical when observed in phase-contrast (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Newell et al (1972Newell et al ( ) (1972 teristic of the ~4 variant (Chia, 1975). The other set contained IO-~M-C-AMP in I % Bonner's salt solution and induced IOO % stalk cell development.…”

Section: Stalk Cell Induction In Dictyosteliurn 297mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The time sequence for development of ~4 with and without c-AMP is summarized in Fig. I, using data obtained from photomicrographs (Chia, 1975), and the essential differences are summarized in When the ~4 development under control conditions is completed, the three kinds of fruiting bodies characteristic of the ~4 variant are always formed : normal fruiting bodies with a thin stalk and spores; fruiting bodies with spores and a thickened stalk; and stalk cell bumps consisting entirely of stalk cells. However, when the ~4 develops in the presence of c-AMP, all the amoebae differentiate into stalk cell bumps.…”

Section: Timing Of Development Of ~4 On the Drummentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enzyme Activity Changes during Cyclic AMP-induced Stalk Cell Differentiation in p4, a Variant of Dictyostelium discoideum

Hamilton

Chia

1975

Journal of General Microbiology

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S U M M A R YThe ~4 variant of Dictyostelium discoideum is characterized by the production of fruiting structures in which the overall proportion of stalk to spore material is increased, relative to the wild type. The altered morphology of the mutant is due to increased sensitivity to cyclic AMP which promotes stalk cell differentiation. In the presence of I O -~ M-cyclic AMP the entire population of ~4 amoebae forms clumps of stalk cells on the surface of the dialysis membrane support.Measurement of changes in activity of a range of developmentally-regulated enzymes during the development of ~4 in the presence and absence of cyclic AMP has allowed us to identify three classes of enzyme : (i) Those, such as /3-glucosidase 11, trehalose-6-phosphate synthetase and uridine diphosphogalactose-4-epimerase, which are required for the production of spores. (ii) Enzymes, primarily but perhaps not exclusively, required during stalk cell formation, Typical of these are N-acetylglucosaminidase and alkaline phosphatase. (iii) General enzymes, such as threonine dehydrase, a-mannosidase and uridine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase, which are present in both pre-stalk and pre-spore cells and appear to be necessary for the development of both cell types. I N T R O D U C T I O NChanges in enzyme specific activities during the development of the cellular slime moulds have been studied to understand the biochemical mechanisms underlying development. Sussman and his co-workers (for a review, see Sussman & Sussman, 1969) have focused their attention on the role of transcription and translation of enzymes while Wright (1966, 1972) and her associates look to the role of enzyme substrates and products in the chemical control of development. As has been pointed out (Francis, 1969;Bonner, 1971; Newell, 197r), there is no conflict between these two proposed mechanisms and it is reasonable to assume that both play a role in development.Development leads to the production of both stalk cells and spores and these exhibit different metabolic activities during development. By dissection of individual slugs, Newell, Ellingson & Sussman (I 969) demonstrated that different programmes of enzyme synthesis occurred during the development of stalk cells and spores. This approach is however limited to that period in development when pre-stalk and pre-spore cells are separable in the aggregate, and does not allow either to be examined throughout development. Since a separation of spore cell development from stalk cell development is possible in the variant ~4 , we have used it in our studies. In the development of ~4 there is both stalk cell and spore differentiation, .but in the development of ~4 amoebae with 1 0 -4 M-

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Induction of stalk cell differentiation by cyclic-AMP in a susceptible variant of Dictyostelium discoideum

Cited by 45 publications

References 16 publications

Fate and regulation of anterior-like cells in Dictyostelium slugs

Fate and regulation of anterior-like cells in Dictyostelium slugs

Cell Sorting daring Pattern Formation in Dictyostelium

Enzyme Activity Changes during Cyclic AMP-induced Stalk Cell Differentiation in p4, a Variant of Dictyostelium discoideum

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