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In 1882, Sir Thomas Hadfield patented an alloy with quite remarkable properties. Its composition was Fe-1.3%C-13%Mn and it was the toughest alloy known! The claim has stuck for the century since then and the alloy is now used universally for the "frog" in railway crossings in countries such as Canada where heavy loads are moved by rail using high axle loading. In fact, the alloy is very soft when cast, but hardens rapidly when deformed.The work described has been concerned with modifying the composition of the alloy in order to trade some of the enormous toughness for improved deformation and abrasion resistance in the as-cast condition. Since these frogs are usually rebuilt by arc welding, this too was examined in the test alloys. Recommendations are made for small metallic additions, improved heat treatment and an improved welding rod composition for use in rebuilding damaged Hadfield's steel frogs.

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