Austenitic Manganese Steels – Developments for Heavy Haul Rail Transportation

Smith, Richard W.; Mackay, W.B.F.

doi:10.1179/000844303794406099

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…So far, several reviews have been published in the field of degradation and stabilization of materials and structural elements of the railway track under the influence of heavy haul trains [2,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Most often, researchers have focused on the permanent way.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most often, researchers have focused on the permanent way. Published scientific reviews refer to rails [13][14][15][16], sleepers [2,18,20], elastic elements [19]. Several recent reviews have been published with a focus on ballast and transition zones of the variable stiffness transitions between the ballast structure and man-made structures, particularly in Sol-Sánchez and D'Angelo (2017) [17] and Sañudo et al (2016) [21].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation on the Stability and Dynamic Response of Soil Foundation Under Heavy Haul Railway Tracks

Santhoshipoornima¹,

Anil²

2020

IJERT

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The roadbed is the most deformable and most heterogeneous segment of the railroad track foundation, which states the principle factor deciding the efficiency of the street, and the primary factor behind deterioration of path and its components, leading to the rise in the expense of current maintenance. Notwithstanding the expanding dynamic effect of trains on the railroad framework resulting from heavy haul transportation system, this issue turns out to be especially significant. In this paper, an examination is made of the issue of degradation and giving the strength to the track foundation with an increased axial load on the track, with a strict attention on examination of the excitation mechanisms of cyclic effects and the procedure of their damping by the soil environment. The principle kinds of deformations and defects are portrayed; the mechanisms and explanations behind their occurrence are studied in this paper. Much consideration is paid to the investigation of soil degradation procedures of the roadbed under the dynamic effect of heavy trains. Different components of the roadbed are taken into account, which require support for operation under substantial heavy traffic and huge axial loads. The advanced strategies and structures of strengthening the roadbed are portrayed, the utilization of which permits to build the proficiency of the heavy haul transportation. Taking everything into account, extensive research is carried out to address the issue of ensuring the stability of the roadbed in the association of heavy haul traffic.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on the Stability and Dynamic Response of Soil Foundation Under Heavy Haul Railway Tracks

Santhoshipoornima¹,

Anil²

2020

IJERT

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“…Dalam studi sebelumnya, dilaporkan bahwa pengerasan regangan pada baja ini disebabkan oleh transformasi yang dipengaruhi regangan (strain induced) dari struktur  atau α kepada -martensit [6]. Smith et al [7] telah melaporkan bahwa transformasi straininduced yang terjadi karena proses dekarburisasi atau segregasi mangan secara lokal menyebabkan kondisi austenit yang terbentuk tidak stabil sehingga mudah berubah menjadi martensit yang keras dan tahan aus.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

“…Beberapa peneliti melakukan eloborasi proses siklus heat treatment untuk mengoptimasikan bentuk dan distribusi dari presipitat pada baja mangan 12 dengan melakukan modifikasi komposisinya dengan menambahkan unsur Vanadium [4], [7]. Srivastava, AK [4] menyatakan bahwa pada permukaan baja mangan 12 terdiri dari martensit dan pada bagian tengah adalah austenit yang memiliki kemampuan strain hardening yang tinggi.…”

Section: Jurnal Energi Dan Teknologi Manufaktur (Jetm)unclassified

Peningkatan Nilai Impak Baja Hadfield Mn 12 Melalui Proses Perlakuan Panas Homogenisasi Bertahap

Hidayat¹,

Bandanadjaja²

2018

JETM

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Hadfield manganese steel is the steel with a composition of 1.0-1.4% C and 10-14% Mn, where the C: Mn ratio is made at 1:10. In as-cast conditions, the steel has a structure of carbide (Fe, Mn) 3C at the grain boundary, formed during slow cooling in the sand mold. The carbide existence can cause brittle properties of the material and needs to be eliminated by a heat treatment process that is homogenization (or solution treatment). In this study, a stepped heat treatment process was carried out by giving preheating at temperatures below the austenitizing temperature of 600 oC and 700 oC. The austenitizing temperature is given lower than the conventional method which usually uses 1050 oC, wherein this study austenitizing heating was given at 980 oC. Rapid quenching is performed using water with agitation or stirring to ensure that the cooling rate is fast enough to generate a 100% austenite structure. The results achieved that the sample with a stepped heat treatment process with a preheating temperature of 600 oC and followed by austenitizing of 980 oC could perform finer austenite grains, with the highest impact value of 255 Joules. A fracture of the impact sample resulting very ductile behavior which can be seen that the impact sample is not completely broken.

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“…Hadfield steel is one kind of traditional wear resistant material. Due to its remarkable working hardening ability and impact toughness, it is widely used to manufacture different types of wear resistant components especially wear resistant liner for ball grinding mill (Smith and Mackay, 2003;Smith et al, 2004). However, the Hadfield steel liner often has poor wear resistance performance because the impact energy is not high enough to cause the working hardening.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Carbon Content on Abrasive Impact Wear Behavior of Cr-Si-Mn Low Alloy Wear Resistant Cast Steels

et al. 2019

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The effects of carbon contents on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties, including hardness, impact toughness and abrasive impact wear resistance behavior, were investigated for Cr-Si-Mn low alloy cast steels. The results showed that, with the increase of carbon content in the steels, the metallographic structure transformed from lath martensite to acicular martensite gradually. Correspondingly, the hardness increased and impact toughness decreased distinctly due to the increasing of carbon supersaturation and refinement of martensite. Furthermore, the wear resistant increased firstly and then decreased, which can be ascribed to the changing of wear mechanism from plastic fatigue wear to brittle fracture wear.

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Austenitic Manganese Steels – Developments for Heavy Haul Rail Transportation

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Investigation on the Stability and Dynamic Response of Soil Foundation Under Heavy Haul Railway Tracks

Investigation on the Stability and Dynamic Response of Soil Foundation Under Heavy Haul Railway Tracks

Peningkatan Nilai Impak Baja Hadfield Mn 12 Melalui Proses Perlakuan Panas Homogenisasi Bertahap

Effect of Carbon Content on Abrasive Impact Wear Behavior of Cr-Si-Mn Low Alloy Wear Resistant Cast Steels

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