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The n-hexane extract of Knema pachycarpa fruits (Myristicaceae family), exhibiting strong anti-acetylcholinesterase activity, was investigated by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and then purified by column chromatography.Guided by GC/MS profiling and bioassay, chromatographic separations led to the isolation of five new compounds: two anacardic acid derivatives 1-2, two cardanol derivatives 3-4 and a cardol derivative 5, along with mixtures of known phenolic lipids 6-9. The chemical structures were determined by various spectroscopic methods. New isolated compounds 1-5 were evaluated for their cytotoxicity and antiacetylcholinesterase activity. Cardanol 3 and cardol 5 were the most active compounds in the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory assay with IC 50 values of 2.60 ± 0.24 µM and 2.46 ± 0.23 µM, respectively. Cardanol 4 and cardol 5 showed moderate cytotoxicity against Hela and MCF-7 cancer cell lines with IC 50 values ranging from 31.36 ± 0.41 µM to 41.30 ± 2.49 µM.

Two new acetophenone derivatives named knepachycarpanone A (1) and knepachycarpanone B (2) together with a new cardanol derivative named knepachycarpanol C (3) were isolated from the EtOAc extract of Knema pachycarpa stems. Their chemical structures were established on the basis of spectral evidences. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against Hela cancer cell line with IC50 values of 26.92 ± 1.46 and 30.20 ± 1.97 μM, respectively.

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New flavonoid and stilbene derivatives from the fruits of Macaranga balansaeTwo new prenylated flavonoids, 4´-methyl-8-prenyltaxifolin (1) and 6,8-diprenyl-4´methyl-narigenin (2) and a new geranylated stilbene, 4′-deprenyl-4-methoxymappain (3) together with eight known flavonoids (4-11) were isolated from the fruits of Macaranga balansae Gagnep. Their chemical structures were determined by means of spectroscopic methods including 1D, 2D NMR, and MS data. Compound 2 showed the highest cytotoxic activity against PanC1, A549, KB and LU-1 cell lines with IC 50 values range from 7.89 to 22.91 µM.

Macaranga balansae Gagnep., locally known as “Ba soi lông tơ” or “Mã rạng balansa”, is a tree endemic to Vietnam, found at central provinces. Its ethyl acetate extract was showed cytotoxic activity against TG1 cancer cell line. In this paper, we report the preliminary study on the chemical constituents of the leaves of M. balansae. Seven known compounds including lupeol (1), phytol (2), isophytol (3), sitostenone (4), sitoindoside I (5), gallic acid (6) and methyl gallate (7) were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the leaves of M. balansae. Their chemical structures were identified by NMR, MS spectra and in comparison with the reported literatures.

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