Objective: The Indonesia Basic Health Research 2018 indicates that Indonesian children are still among the shortest in the world. When referred to World Health Organization Child Growth Standards (WHOCGS), the prevalence of stunting reaches up to 43% in several Indonesian districts. Indonesian National Growth Reference Charts (INGRC) were established in order to better distinguish between healthy short children and children with growth disorders. We analyzed height and weight measurements of healthy Indonesian children using INGRC and WHOCGS. Methods: 6972 boys and 5800 girls (n=12,772), aged 0-59 months old, from Bandung District were measured. Z-scores of length/height and body mass index were calculated based on INGRC and WHOCGS. Results: Under 5-year-old Indonesian children raised in Bandung are short and slim. Mean height z-scores of boys is -2.03 [standard deviation (SD) 1.31], mean height z-scores of girls is -2.03 (SD 1.31) when referred to WHOCGS indicating that over 50% of these children are stunted. Bandung children are heterogeneous, with substantial subpopulations of tall children. Depending on the growth reference used, between 9% and 15% of them are wasted. Wasted children are on average half a SD taller than their peers. Conclusion: WHOCGS seriously overestimates the true prevalence of undernutrition in Indonesian children. The present investigation fails to support evidence of undernutrition at a prevalence similar to the over 50% prevalence of stunting (WHOCGS) versus 13.3% (INGRC). We suggest refraining from using WHOCGS, and instead applying INGRC that closely mirror height and weight increments in Bandung children. INGRC appear superior for practical and clinical purposes, such as detecting growth and developmental disorders.
Background The Pediatric Quality of Life™ 3.0 Neuromuscular Module is an instrument to assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among children with neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) aged 2–18 years. This study aimed to determine whether the PedsQL™ 3.0 Neuromuscular Module Indonesian Version is valid and reliable. Methods This study used the Indonesian translation of the PedsQL™ 3.0 Neuromuscular Module after getting formal permission from the inventor, and the translation process followed the Mapi linguistic translation guidelines. This study administered the PedsQL™ 3.0 Neuromuscular Module Indonesian Version to 84 parents and 71 children. In addition, we used the Rasch model to analyze the psychometric properties. Results The reliability of the total scale of the PedsQL™ Neuromuscular Module Indonesian Version shows good to very good criteria. On the parent proxy-report, Cronbach alpha was 0.95, person reliability was 0.84, item reliability was 0.93, person separation was 2.32, item separation was 3.61, person strata separation was 4 levels, and item strata separation was 5 levels. On the child self-report, Cronbach alpha was 0.93, person reliability was 0.81, item reliability was 0.81, person separation was 2.08, item separation was 2.06, person strata separation was 3 levels, and item strata separation was 3 levels. The total scale of the PedsQL Neuromuscular Module Indonesian Version shows fair to good construct validity in parent proxy-report (explained variance 51.9%; unexplained variance 8.4%) and child self-report (explained variance 40.9%; unexplained variance 12.6%). There were no misfit items in the parent proxy-report (infit 0.66–1.49; outfit 0.51–1.81; point measure correlation 0.36–0.93) and child self-report (infit 0.53–1.65; outfit 0.50–1.73; point measure correlation 0.31–0.90) identified by the Rasch models. Conclusions The PedsQL™ 3.0 Neuromuscular Modul Indonesian Version is a valid and reliable instrument in measuring HRQoL in Indonesian children with neuromuscular diseases.
Judo is described as a physical contact sport. A judo athlete should try to make themovement of throwing, slamming and holding the opponent's strength during the game. To perform the technique well, muscle strength is important in judo athletes. As one of the components of physical fitness in athletes, muscle strength has an important role for the judo athlete to maximize their performance and have their best achievement. Therefore, this study aims to determine the relationship of muscle strength level of judo athletes with their achievement in Pekan Olahraga Nasional (PON) XVIII 2012 in Riau. A cross-sectional study using the analytical method was done on 19 Judo athletes as subjects. Data are collected from secondary data as a result of muscle strength examination measured by push, pull, and leg dynamometer, conducted by Komite Olah Raga Nasional (KONI) West Java. Judo athletes who participated Pekan Olah Raga Nasional (PON) XVIII 2012 championship in Riau were included while athletes who injured were excluded. In this study judo athletes who won medals (got achievement) were 7 athletes, while those who did not win medals (did not get the achievement) were 12 athletes. The significance value (p-value) for the relationship of muscle strength with judo athlete’s achievement as measured by push dynamometer was 0.764, pull dynamometer was 0.570, and leg dynamometer was 0.132. In conclusion, there isno significant relationship between the level of muscle strength with the judo athlete’s achievement on Pekan Olah Raga Nasional (PON) XVIII 2012.
Objective Describing rehabilitation services in a standardized way is a challenge. The International Classification of Service Organizations in Rehabilitation (ICSO-R) 2.0 was published for this purpose. The ICSO-R was criticized for being tested mainly in high-income countries, and because the testing in lower-income countries did not include community-based rehabilitation services. Therefore, this study was performed to describe community-based rehabilitation services by using ICSO-R 2.0. Methods The ICSO-R 2.0 was used to describe 8 community-based rehabilitation services located in 3 cities in 3 different provinces in Indonesia: 6 community-based rehabilitation services in Bandung, West Java; 1 in Tanah Datar, West Sumatra; and 1 in Gowa, South Sulawesi. Results All the community-based rehabilitation services were owned by the government, as a public body, and in the context of the community. The 6 community-based rehabilitation services in Bandung, West Java, are under the government city of Bandung, while the other 2, from Tanah Datar and Gowa, are integrated within primary healthcare centres. Social welfare supports all 6 community-based rehabilitation services in Bandung. The other 2 community-based rehabilitation services are supported by their respective primary healthcare centres. Conclusion The ICSO-R 2.0 is a feasible tool to describe rehabilitation services, including community-based rehabilitation. LAY ABSTRACT The International Classification of Service Organizations in Rehabilitation (ICSO-R) 2.0 was published as a framework to support describing rehabilitation service organizations. The process of development of the ICSO-R did not include Community-Based Rehabilitation Services. Therefore, to rectify this, ICSO-R 2.0 was used for this study. Eight community-based rehabilitation services were surveyed, located in 3 cities in Indonesia; namely Bandung, Tanah Datar, and Gowa. This study found that ICSO-R 2.0 can be used to describe rehabilitation services not only in hospitals, but also in the community.
Judo is described as a physical contact sport. A judo athlete should try to make themovement of throwing, slamming, and holding the opponent's strength during the game. Toperform the technique well, muscle strength is important in judo athlete. As one of thecomponents of physical fitness in athletes, muscle strength has an important role for thejudo athlete to maximize their performance and have their best achievement. Therefore, thisstudy aims to determine the relationship of muscle strength level of judo athlete with theirachievement in Pekan Olahraga Nasional (PON) XVIII 2012 in Riau. A cross-sectionalstudy using analytical method was done on 19 Judo athletes as subjects. Data are collectedfrom secondary data as a result of muscle strength examination measured by push, pull, andleg dynamometer, conducted by Komite Olah Raga Nasional (KONI) West Java. Judoathletes who participated Pekan Olah Raga Nasional (PON) XVIII 2012 championship inRiau were included while athletes who injured were excluded. In this study judo athleteswho won medals (got achievement) was 7 athletes, while those who did not win medals (didnot get the achievement) was 12 athletes. Significance value (p-value) for the relationship ofmuscle strength with judo athletes achievement as measured by push dynamometer was0.764, pull dynamometer was 0.570 and leg dynamometer was 0.132. In conclusion, there isno significant relationship between the level of muscle strength with the judo athletesachievement on Pekan Olah Raga Nasional (PON) XVIII 2012.
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