Stunting and underweight among under-five children in Indonesia are common, raising public health concerns. Whether inappropriate complementary feeding (CF) practices compromise optimal growth during late infancy in Indonesia is uncertain. Therefore we characterized and evaluated CF practices in Indonesian infants and investigated their relationship with subsequent growth. We enrolled breastfed infants at 6 months of age (n = 230); and followed them at 9 (n = 202) and 12 months of age (n = 190). We collected socio-demographic and anthropometric data and two-day in-home weighed food records. Relations between WHO CF indicators, sentinel foods, and energy and micronutrient intakes at 9 months and growth at 12 months were explored using multiple linear regression. Stunting and underweight increased from 15.8% and 4.4% at 6 months to 22.6% and 10.5% at 12 months, respectively. Median intakes of calcium, iron, zinc, and riboflavin were below WHO recommendations. Infants consuming fortified infant foods (FIFs) at 9 months had diets with a lower dietary diversity (DD) score (2.3 vs.3.0), energy density, median energy (250 vs. 310 kcal/d) and protein (6.5 vs. 9.1 g/d) intake than non-consumers (p<0.01), despite higher intakes of calcium, iron, and vitamins A and C (p<0.001). Positive relations existed for 9-month consumption of iron-rich/iron fortified infant foods with length-for-age Z-score (LAZ) at 12 months (β = 0.22; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.44; P = 0.04), and for fortified infant foods alone with both LAZ (β = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.09, 0.48; P = 0.04) and weight-for-age Z-score (β = 0.14; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.26; P = 0.02) at 12 months. The positive association of FIFs with subsequent growth may be attributed to their content of both powdered cow’s milk and multi-micronutrient fortificants. Nonetheless, mothers should not be encouraged to over-rely on FIFs as they reduce DD.

Inflammation confounds the interpretation of several micronutrient biomarkers resulting in estimates that may not reflect the true burden of deficiency. We aimed to assess and compare the micronutrient status of a cohort of Indonesian infants (n 230) at aged 6, 9 and 12 months by ignoring inflammation (unadjusted) and adjusting four micronutrient biomarkers for inflammation with C-reactive protein (CRP) and α-1-glycoprotein (AGP) using the following methods: (1) arithmetic correction factors with the use of a four-stage inflammation model; and (2) regression modelling. Prevalence of infants with any inflammation (CRP>5 mg/l and/or AGP>1 g/l) was about 25% at each age. Compared with unadjusted values, regression adjustment at 6, 9 and 12 months generated the lowest (P50 % across all ages. In conclusion, without inflammation adjustment, Fe deficiency was grossly under-estimated and vitamin A and Zn deficiency over-estimated, highlighting the importance of correcting for the influence of such, before implementing programmes to alleviate micronutrient malnutrition. However, further work is needed to validate the proposed approaches with a particular focus on assessing the influence of varying degrees of inflammation (i.e. recurrent acute infections and low-grade chronic inflammation) on each affected nutrient biomarker.

Background: Stroke is a disease with a high mortality rate and common cause of disability. Nutritional factors are strongly associated with this disease. Malnutrition in hospitalized patients increases the incidence of complications, prolonged the length of stay and also the cost of hospitalization. Furthermore, nutritional status of stroke patients can deteriorate during hospitalization. The prevalence of malnutrition in hospitalized stroke patients is about 6% to 62%. The objective of this study was to identify the nutritional status of hospitalized stroke patient. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Population of the study was hospitalized stroke patients at Neurology Ward, Kemuning Building Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, Indonesia from August until October 2014 who meet the inclusion criteria. Nutritional status was measured objectively using Body Mass Index (BMI) and subjectively using Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) method. The collected data were processed using frequency tabulation and percentage. Results: Twenty six hospitalized stroke patients were included in this study. The hospitalized patients with normal BMI were about 12 people (46.15%), 8 people were overweight (30.77%), 4 people were undernourished (15.39%) and 2 people (7.69%) were obese. According to SGA measurement, approximately 18 people (69.22%) were moderately malnourished, and as much as 4 people (15.39%) were in good nutrition, whereas 4 people (15.39%) were severely malnourished. Conclusions: Majority of the hospitalized stroke patients has normal BMI and moderately malnourished based on SGA.

Exclusive breastfeeding is very beneficial for babies. The impact is not given exclusive breastfeeding could be increased morbidity and mortality, nutritional problems, impaired child growth, loss generation, increase the burden of family and state expenditures for the expenditure of formula milk and much more. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship of knowledge, attitudes, behaviors and characteristics of mothers towards exclusive breastfeeding with infant nutritional status. This study used a quantitative method with analytic observational design with a case control.. The study was conducted by 110 mothers who had babies aged 6-12 months in the Cibangkong Bandung village. It was consisting of 55 mothers who had babies with nutritional problems and 55 mothers who had babies with normal nutritional status. Data retrieval used a questionnaire. Assessment of nutritional status used the standard WHO child growth standards. The sample was taken by simple random sampling technique. Data analysis using logistic regression test. The results of the analysis showed that there was a relationship between knowledge (p= 0,006), and exclusive breastfeeding behavior (p= 0,013) with the nutritional status of the baby. In addition, maternal characteristics had an effect  of 4,3 times to age and parity in the nutritional status of infants. By knowing the relationship between knowledge factors, attitudes, behaviors and characteristics of mothers with infant nutritional status, it is expected to have leverage to improve the nutritional status of infants. ASI eksklusif sangat bermanfaat bagi bayi, dampak yang dapat terjadi apabila bayi tidak diberikan ASI eksklusif adalah meningkatnya angka kesakitan dan kematian bayi, masalah gizi, gangguan tumbuh kembang anak, terjadinya loss generation, meningkatkan beban pengeluaran keluarga serta negara untuk  pengeluaran susu formula dan masih banyak lagi.  Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis hubungan pengetahuan, sikap, perilaku dan karakteristik Ibu terhadap pemberian ASI eksklusif dengan status gizi bayi. Penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan desain observasional secara kasus kontrol. Penelitian dilakukan 110  ibu yang memiliki bayi usia 6-12 bulan di kelurahan Cibangkong Bandung yang terdiri dari 55 ibu yang memiliki bayi dengan masalah gizi dan 55 ibu yang memiliki bayi dengan status gizi normal.  Pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner. Penilaian status gizi menggunakan standar WHO child growth standards. Sampel diambil dengan teknik simple random sampling. Analisis data menggunakan Uji Regresi logistik. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan (p= 0,006), dan  perilaku pemberian ASI eksklusif (p=0,013) dengan status gizi bayi.  Selain itu, karakteristik ibu yaitu umur dan paritas berpengaruh sebesar 4,3 kali dalam status gizi bayi. Dengan diketahuinya hubungan faktor pegetahuan, sikap, perilaku dan karakteristik ibu dengan status gizi bayi, diharapkan mempunyai daya ungkit terhadap peningkatan status gizi bayi.

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Oxidative stress in obesity leads to insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. Some selenoproteins possess antioxidant properties, suggesting that selenium (Se) may protect against type 2 diabetes; however, evidence from epidemiological studies is contradictory. We hypothesized that Se status before supplementation (baseline) contributes to the supplementation outcome. This study aimed to clarify the influence of baseline Se status on the effect of Se supplementation on the diabetic condition. Six-week-old KKAy mice were fed a diet without supplemental Se or with 0.1 ppm Se in the form of L-selenomethionine (SeM) for 2 weeks to create low-Se and sufficient-Se baseline statuses, respectively. For the next 4 weeks, low-Se mice were given a SeM (0.5 ppm Se)-supplemented diet, and sufficient-Se mice were given either a SeM (0.5 ppm Se)- or sodium selenite (0.5 ppm Se)-supplemented diet; control groups continued on baseline diets. Serum Se concentrations, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, adiponectin levels, glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity were analyzed. All mice became diabetic during the 2-week baseline induction period. At the end of the supplementation period, Se-receiving groups demonstrated significantly higher Se concentrations and GPx activities than their respective controls. Sufficient-Se mice receiving SeM had lower blood glucose levels and better insulin sensitivity than control and sodium selenite-receiving mice, whereas low-Se mice receiving SeM showed no such improvements compared with their controls. Our results suggest that Se supplementation in the form of SeM may help prevent type 2 diabetes aggravation in people taking the 55 μg/day Se recommended dietary allowance.

Energy imbalance in delivery can inhibit the action of glycolytic enzymes and interfere with chemical reactions in muscle cells. These nuisances may interfere with uterine contractions that obstruct cervical dilatation. Therefore, mothers require a nutritional alternative which is practical, generates energy quickly and supplies glucose needed for uterine contractions. These can be fulfilled with a mixed-fruit juice beverage. Mixed-fruit juice consists of fruits, Tunisian dates, honey, and red beans. This study aims to analyze the effect of the mixed-fruit extract on uterine contraction and cervical dilatation during the first stage of delivery. This study used a randomized controlled trial design. The target population was all the mothers who would give birth in Bandung city in March−April 2017. The samples of this study were the gravida <4 who would give birth at the Pelayanan Obstetri Neonatal Emergensi Dasar/PONED (Basic Emergency Obstetric and Neonatal Care/BEONC) Puskesmas (Public Health Center) Ibrahim Ajie, Puter, Garuda, Pagarsih, and Padasuka, consisting of 30 subjects as the treatment group and other 30 subjects as the control group. Uterine contractions and cervical dilatation were measured clinically and recorded on partograph. The analysis of data was done using the chi-square test, independent t test, and Mann-Whitney test. The results showed that there was the effect of mix-juice on the frequency, the duration and the intensity of uterine contractions and cervical dilatation with p value<0.05 and relative risk (RR) values respectively of 1.3, 3.3, 2.6, 1.7. In conclusion, consuming mixed-fruit juice during the first stage of delivery give an impact on the progress of uterine contractions and cervical dilatation.

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