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Objectives: To assess adequacy of vitamin C intake in HIV-infected children and adolescents; to evaluate serum levels of vitamin C and indicators of oxidative stress; to compare with the uninfected group; to correlate serum vitamin C with oxidative stress and associate them according to the reference values. Methods:Comparative cross-sectional study. Two groups of 27 children and adolescents each, aged between 3 to 19 years. Group 1 (G1) comprised individuals vertically infected with HIV seen at a regional outpatient clinic. Group 2 (G2) comprised invited individuals without history of HIV infection. The groups were matched for age, sex, and socioeconomic status. The following variables were analyzed: body mass index for age; micronutrient intake and consumption; and serum vitamin C, C-reactive protein (CRP), and albumin. Results:The mean age was 12 years old. Most subjects were female (17, 63%), and there was prevalence of the economic class C (27, 50%). The most prevalent nutritional status was normal weight in 20 individuals (74.1%) in G1 and 21 (77.8%) in G2. The intake of vitamin C was significantly higher in G1 (p = 0.006; t = 2.987) according to the 24-hour dietary recall method. There were significant differences in serum vitamin C concentration between the groups, with a lower level in G1 (p = 0.000; t = -7.309). In relation to oxidative stress, values of CRP in G1 were significantly higher (p = 0.007; t = 2.958). There was no association between deficiency of vitamin, CRP, and albumin. Conclusion:Our findings show that HIV-infected individuals have low levels of vitamin C; however, this deficiency is not related to eating habits, since the intake of this nutrient was higher in this group than in the control group. HIV-infected individuals have specific characteristics that increase their oxidative stress, which is evidenced by increased CRP.J Pediatr (Rio J). 2011;87(6):517-22: Children, adolescents, HIV, ascorbic acid. ResumoObjetivos: Verificar adequação do consumo de vitamina C em crianças e adolescentes infectados pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV), avaliar níveis séricos da vitamina e indicadores de estresse oxidativo, comparar ao grupo não infectado, correlacionar a vitamina sérica ao estresse oxidativo e associá-los segundo os valores de referência.Métodos: Estudo seccional transversal comparativo. Dois grupos com 27 crianças e adolescentes cada, de 3 a 19 anos, sendo G1 infectados pelo HIV por transmissão vertical atendidos em ambulatório regional e G2 indivíduos convidados sem histórico de infecção pelo HIV. Foram pareados por sexo, idade e condição socioeconômica. Avaliouse: antropometria (índice de massa corporal para idade), ingestão e consumo do micronutriente, análise sérica da vitamina C, proteína C reativa e albumina.Resultados: Idade média encontrada de 12 anos, prevalência do sexo feminino (17 -63%) e da classe econômica C (27 -50%). Diagnóstico nutricional prevalente foi eutrofia em 20 (74,1%) em G1 e 21 (77,8%) em G2. O consumo de vitamina C foi significativamente m...

Objective:To review the literature about the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its consequences in children and adolescents with sickle-cell disease.Data sources:The literature survey was performed through the bibliographic databases MEDLINE; U.S. National Library of Medicine and National Institutes of Health (PubMed); Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs), and the Cochrane Library. The keywords were selected using Medical Heading Terms (MeSH): “vitamin D” OR “vitamin D deficiency” AND “anemia, sickle cell” AND “child” AND “adolescent”. The search was limited to articles in English, Spanish and Portuguese, published until April 2014.Data synthesis:Eleven articles were selected among the 18 found. In 6 of the 11 studies, serum levels of vitamin D in children and/or adolescents with sickle-cell anemia were low. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with sickle-cell anemia exceeded that of the comparison group. The low intake of vitamin D, seasonality, exposure to sun, increased metabolism associated with the hemoglobinopathy, and age increase were factors associated with the deficiency. There was an association between a significant vitamin D deficiency and bone weakness and painful crises. There was a positive correlation between increased levels of vitamin D by supplementation and functional, physical capacity.Conclusions:The vitamin D deficiency in children and adolescents with sickle-cell disease is prevalent and requires further studies to demonstrate its association with comorbidities and possible benefits of vitamin D supplementation.

Objective: To compare serum retinol levels in preschool children during an episode of pneumonia and 45 days after the resolution of the infection. Methods:The study was conducted with preschool children without any infection (control group, n = 9) or children hospitalized for pneumonia (n = 12), who were evaluated soon after hospitalization (phase 1) and 45 days later (phase 2). Nutritional assessment included anthropometric measurements, a food questionnaire, and laboratory blood routine examination, including urinary and serum retinol levels. Paired Student t or Mann-Whitney tests were used as required. Results:Food intake was similar between groups. Blood hemoglobin and serum sodium and albumin decreased during phase 1, while there were higher C-reactive protein serum values. Urinary retinol levels remained unchanged whereas serum retinol increased significantly after pneumonia recovery. Conclusion ResumoObjetivo: Comparar os níveis séricos de retinol em crianças pré-escolares durante um episódio de pneumonia e 45 dias após a resolução da infecção. Métodos:O estudo foi conduzido com crianças pré-escolares sem infecção (grupo controle, n = 9) ou com pneumonia (n = 12), após a hospitalização (fase 1) e 45 dias após a alta (fase 2). A avaliação nutricional incluiu antropometria, questionário alimentar e exames laboratoriais, incluindo os níveis urinários e séricos de retinol. Aplicou-se o teste pareado de Student ou de Mann-Whitney.Resultados: Não houve diferença na ingestão alimentar. Documentaram-se menores valores de hemoglobina sanguínea e dos níveis séricos de sódio e albumina durante a fase 1, além de maiores valores da proteína C reativa. Não houve mudança no retinol urinário, enquanto os níveis séricos aumentaram após a recuperação da pneumonia.Conclusão: Durante a pneumonia, as crianças apresentam redução transitória nos níveis séricos de vitamina A, um epifenômeno da resposta de fase aguda.J Pediatr (Rio J). 2011;87(5):457-60: Retinol, pneumonia, crianças pré-escolares, resposta de fase aguda.

RESUMOEstima-se que cerca de 84% dos casos de Aids em indivíduos com até 13 anos de idade no Brasil ocorram devido à transmissão vertical. O impacto do HIV/Aids na vida dessas crianças pode afetar negativamente a qualidade de vida. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade de vida de crianças e adolescentes infectados pelo HIV por transmissão vertical, segundo a visão da criança e a do cuidador. Trata-se de um estudo observacional, tipo inquérito transversal, analítico, desenvolvido na Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, com crianças e adolescentes infectados pelo vírus HIV. Participaram 24 crianças e adolescentes e seus responsáveis. A qualidade de vida foi mais afetada em relação ao domínio emocional, na percepção da criança ou do adolescente (61,88 pontos). Os cuidadores observaram maior impacto em relação ao domínio escolar (60,83 pontos). A evidência de menores escores nos domínios emocional e escolar, na visão dos participantes, indica uma influência negativa para a qualidade de vida dos participantes da pesquisa.Palavras-chave: Qualidade de vida.