Objective: To compare serum retinol levels in preschool children during an episode of pneumonia and 45 days after the resolution of the infection. Methods:The study was conducted with preschool children without any infection (control group, n = 9) or children hospitalized for pneumonia (n = 12), who were evaluated soon after hospitalization (phase 1) and 45 days later (phase 2). Nutritional assessment included anthropometric measurements, a food questionnaire, and laboratory blood routine examination, including urinary and serum retinol levels. Paired Student t or Mann-Whitney tests were used as required. Results:Food intake was similar between groups. Blood hemoglobin and serum sodium and albumin decreased during phase 1, while there were higher C-reactive protein serum values. Urinary retinol levels remained unchanged whereas serum retinol increased significantly after pneumonia recovery. Conclusion ResumoObjetivo: Comparar os níveis séricos de retinol em crianças pré-escolares durante um episódio de pneumonia e 45 dias após a resolução da infecção. Métodos:O estudo foi conduzido com crianças pré-escolares sem infecção (grupo controle, n = 9) ou com pneumonia (n = 12), após a hospitalização (fase 1) e 45 dias após a alta (fase 2). A avaliação nutricional incluiu antropometria, questionário alimentar e exames laboratoriais, incluindo os níveis urinários e séricos de retinol. Aplicou-se o teste pareado de Student ou de Mann-Whitney.Resultados: Não houve diferença na ingestão alimentar. Documentaram-se menores valores de hemoglobina sanguínea e dos níveis séricos de sódio e albumina durante a fase 1, além de maiores valores da proteína C reativa. Não houve mudança no retinol urinário, enquanto os níveis séricos aumentaram após a recuperação da pneumonia.Conclusão: Durante a pneumonia, as crianças apresentam redução transitória nos níveis séricos de vitamina A, um epifenômeno da resposta de fase aguda.J Pediatr (Rio J). 2011;87(5):457-60: Retinol, pneumonia, crianças pré-escolares, resposta de fase aguda.
Introduction: Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis consists of a chronic infectious and inflammatory process of the renal parenchyma, a variant of chronic obstructive pyelonephritis. It is more prevalent in middle-aged adults, rare in pediatric patients, with less than 300 cases reported in children worldwide. Report: Preschooler, aged 2 years and 11 months, male, with 2 months of abdominal distention, increased temperature and intense pallor, associated with microcytic anemia refractory to the use of ferrous sulfate. 1 week before, he had a bulging in his left flank and a hard palpable mass there. Imaging exams (ultrasound and tomography) revealed an overall enlargement of the left kidney, destruction of the renal parenchyma and intense calyceal dilation, forming the "bear's paw" sign, with a staghorn calculus in the pelvis. He underwent treatment with antibiotic therapy and total nephrectomy, with a specimen sent for pathological examination. Discussion: a disease of uncertain incidence in the pediatric age group, xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is more prevalent in male children and affects mainly the left kidney, being frequently associated with the presence of stones. Clinically, it has nonspecific symptoms, the most common being abdominal distension and asthenia. Laboratory exams shows microcytic, leukocytosis, thrombocytosis and increased inflammation, pyuria, hematuria and proteinuria, in addition to bacterial growth in urine culture. The diagnosis is anatomopathological, but it can be hinted by contrasted CT scan, with the classical sign of the "bear's paw". Treatment may include nephrectomy and broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy.
-The aim of this study was to analyse distribution of meningoencefalitis caused by mumps viras in children related to sex, age and seasonal influences. Thirty seven children were evaluated, ages ranging from 2 to 14 years. They were seen at Emergency Unit of Faculdade de Medicina do Triângulo Mineiro and at Hospital da Criança, in Uberaba-MG, Brazil, from March 1st 1991 to February 1st 1993 and they were hospitalized for about 5 days. Through a protocol findings were studied during hospitalization and clinical course stressing epidemiology, symptomatology, cerebrospinal fluid studies, electroencephalogram and cortical function analysis. Only epidemiological data were considered in the present study. Data analysis revealed male predominance, at a range from 5 to 9 years and great number of occurrences at the last quarter of the year.KEY WORDS: mumps meningoencephalitis, neuroepidemiology, aseptic meningoencephalitis. Meningoencefalite pelo vírus da caxumba: abordagem epidemiológicaRESUMO -O presente trabalho tem por objetivo, estudar a distribuição quanto ao sexo, idade e sazonalidade, em crianças com meningencefalite pelo vírus da caxumba. Foram avaliadas 37 crianças, com idades variando de 2 a 14 anos, atendidas no Pronto-Socorro do Hospital Escola da FMTM e do Hospital da Criança, MG, no período de 1-março-1991 a 1-fevereiro-1993 e hospitalizadas por período médio de 5 dias. Através de protocolo pré-elaborado foram estudados os achados obtidos por ocasião da internação e evolução, enfatizando-se a epidemiologia, sintomatologia, líquido cefalorraqueano, eletrencefalograma e função cortical. São considerados apenas os dados epidemiológicos, no presente estudo. A análise das informações pertinentes revela predomínio no sexo masculino, na faixa etária dos 5 aos 9 anos e maior número de casos no último trimestre do ano, correspondente à estação da primavera.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: meningencefalite pelo vírus da caxumba, neuroepidemiologia, meningencefalite asséptica.Mumps virus is one of the most frequent agents causing aseptic meningoencephalitis in patients under 15 years old. Nevertheless, the real incidence is clinically difficult to establish because it occurs asymptomatically (36%) 3 or in the absence of parotiditis (29%) 26 . Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) studies in patients with epidemic parotiditis show pleocytosis ranging from 34% (26/77) 4 to 63% (235/371) 3 . Mumps virus belongs to genus Paramyxovirus, family Paramyxoviridae, and possess one RNA molecule. Two surface glucoproteins (HN and F) were described, which are essential for Este estudo faz parte da Dissertação de Mestrado do primeiro autor, apresentada à
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