In adults treated with hemodialysis, poorer dental health was associated with early death, whereas preventive dental health practices were associated with longer survival.

IntroductionAdults with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) treated with haemodialysis experience mortality of between 15% and 20% each year. Effective interventions that improve health outcomes for long-term dialysis patients remain unproven. Novel and testable determinants of health in dialysis are needed. Nutrition and dietary patterns are potential factors influencing health in other health settings that warrant exploration in multinational studies in men and women treated with dialysis. We report the protocol of the “DIETary intake, death and hospitalisation in adults with end-stage kidney disease treated with HaemoDialysis (DIET-HD) study,” a multinational prospective cohort study. DIET-HD will describe associations of nutrition and dietary patterns with major health outcomes for adults treated with dialysis in several countries.Methods and analysisDIET-HD will recruit approximately 10 000 adults who have ESKD treated by clinics administered by a single dialysis provider in Argentina, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden and Turkey. Recruitment will take place between March 2014 and June 2015. The study has currently recruited 8000 participants who have completed baseline data. Nutritional intake and dietary patterns will be measured using the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA2LEN) food frequency questionnaire. The primary dietary exposures will be n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid consumption. The primary outcome will be cardiovascular mortality and secondary outcomes will be all-cause mortality, infection-related mortality and hospitalisation.Ethics and disseminationThe study is approved by the relevant Ethics Committees in participating countries. All participants will provide written informed consent and be free to withdraw their data at any time. The findings of the study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations and to participants via regular newsletters. We expect that the DIET-HD study will inform large pragmatic trials of nutrition or dietary interventions in the setting of advanced kidney disease.

ObjectiveTo assess the discrimination and calibration of the Pediatric Index of Mortality 2 in patients admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit.MethodsThe study was conducted with a contemporary cohort from November 2005 to November 2006. Patients aged 29 days to 18 years were included in the study. Patients who died within 12 hours of admission and cases of readmission were excluded from the study. The performance of the Pediatric Index of Mortality 2 was assessed by means of the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test, the standardized mortality ratio and the area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve with 95% confidence interval. The significance level was established as 5%.ResultsA total of 276 admissions to the pediatric intensive care unit were included in the analysis. The mortality rate was 14.13%, and the efficiency of admission 0.88%. The median age of the sample was 42.22 months, and most participants were male (60.1%). Most admissions were referrals from the emergency department. The mean duration of stay in pediatric intensive care unit was 6.43±5.23 days. Approximately 72.46% of admissions were for clinical reasons and exhibited an association with the outcome death (odds ratio: 2.9; 95%CI: 1.09-7.74; p=0.017). Calibration of the Pediatric Index of Mortality 2 with the chi-square statistic was 12.2686 (p=0.1396) in the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test, and the standardized mortality ratio was 1.0. The area under the ROC curve assessing model discrimination was 0.778.ConclusionPediatric Index of Mortality 2 exhibited satisfactory performance.

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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to verify risk factors associated with gastroschisis mortality in three neonatal intensive care units located in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of neonates with gastroschisis was performed between 2000 and 2018. Prenatal, perinatal, and postsurgical variables of survival or nonsurvival groups were compared using chi-square statistical test, t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and logistic regression. Tests with p<0.05 were considered statistically determined. RESULTS: A total of 142 newborns were investigated. Mean maternal age, gestational age, and birth weight were lower in the group of nonsurvival (p<0.05). Poor clinical conditions during admission, complex gastroschisis, closure with silo placement, the use of blood products, surgical complications, and short bowel syndrome were more frequent in the nonsurvival group (p<0.05). Complex gastroschisis [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 3.74, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 1.274-11.019] and short bowel syndrome (adjusted OR 7.55,) increased the risk of death. Higher birth weight inversely reduced the risk for mortality (adjusted OR 0.99, 95%CI 0.997-1.000). CONCLUSION: Complex gastroschisis and short bowel syndrome increased the risk of death, with greater birth weight being inversely correlated with the risk of mortality. The findings of this research can contribute to the formulation of protocols to improve the quality and safety of care in order to reduce neonatal mortality associated with gastroschisis.

Introdução: as Doenças Não Transmissíveis (DNT) são consideradas um grande problema de saúde pública, o que torna fundamental o desenvolvimento de intervenções de promoção, prevenção e tratamento. Objetivo: sintetizar e avaliar as evidências sobre as ações de alimentação e nutrição para o enfrentamento das DNT em adultos e idosos na perspectiva da APS no Brasil. Método: trata-se de uma revisão de escopo da literatura, guiada pelas diretrizes do JBI e seguida as etapas de Itens de Relatórios Preferenciais para Revisões Sistemáticas e Extensão de Meta-Análises para Revisões de Escopo. A busca ocorreu em 5 bases de dados eletrônicas: MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, Central Cochrane Library e LILACS, e a literatura cinza, contemplando os sítios eletrônicos oficiais do governo e a Rede de Alimentação e Nutrição do SUS. Resultados: foram identificados um total de 1844 artigos e apenas 42 artigos se enquadraram nos critérios de elegibilidade da metodologia proposta. Foi identificado que entre as evidências científicas disponibilizadas, as ações de alimentação e nutrição na APS, encontram-se concentradas em estratégias de educação e orientação de hábitos saudáveis para tratamento de DNT baseados em Políticas e Diretrizes Públicas de Nutrição designadas em sua maioria por uma população composta de adultos e uma parte reduzida de idosos. Conclusão: há necessidade de mais estudos publicados sobre ações de alimentação e nutrição na APS, pois as evidências científicas disponíveis não correspondem a 50% dos estados brasileiros, sendo insuficientes para impactar positivamente a situação nutricional do país. Além disso, mais pesquisas com abordagem preventiva às DNT são essenciais, uma vez que a APS caracteriza-se por um conjunto de ações relacionadas à saúde que têm como foco principal a promoção e proteção da saúde.

Introduction: global disparity in outcomes of gastroschisis is visible. Survival rates in high-income countries have improved since 1960, and are currently around 100%, due to progress in pediatric surgery and neonatal intensive care. However, in low- and middle-income countries mortality rates can reach all cases. Objective: this study aims to map the existing literature on gastroschisis in Brazil within a global context. Methods: scoping Review. PubMed, Scielo Brazil, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) and Google Scholar, were searched from January 2000 to May 2020. Results: eight studies met the inclusion criteria. The consolidated data of 912 patients were: Mean maternal age of 20.7 years, antenatal diagnosis rate of 80.2%, cesarean section rate of 77.7%. Mean of hospital stay of 40.8 days. Mean mortality rate of 25.3 %. Risk factors associated with death were: prematurity, low birth weight, low APGAR score, reinterventions, sepsis, birth-to-surgery interval greater than 4 hours, fewer prenatal visits, delayed prenatal diagnosis. Conclusion: studies on gastroschisis in Brazil were scarce, most of carried out in southeast of country. This study suggests that there are regional contrasts on gastroschisis outcomes in Brazil. The worst results are in regions with low economic resources, a similar situation found in international literature. This review should be validated with future studies to investigate the situation of pregnant women with fetuses with gastroschisis, especially in low-resource regions, in Brazil.

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