We tested the role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) gene polymorphism in the inflammatory response and in skin and lung tumorigenesis in 2 lines of mice phenotypically selected for maximum or minimum acute inflammatory reaction (AIRmax and AIRmin, respectively). Following 7,anthracene (DMBA) treatment, AIRmin but not AIRmax mice showed early skin reactions and eventually developed malignant skin tumors and lung adenocarcinomas. In skin tissue, transcript levels of IL1b, Tnf, Il6, Tgfb1 and Cyp1b1 genes were upregulated in AIRmin but not AIRmax mice, consistent with the inflammatory responses to the carcinogen. These findings appeared to be related to the homozygosity status of the Ahr functional A375V polymorphism, which influences the binding capability of the receptor for DMBA: the 375A allele, encoding the high-affinity ligand-binding receptor (Ahr b1 ), segregated in AIRmin mice, whereas AIRmax mice carried the 375V, corresponding to the low-affinity binding receptor Key words: aryl hydrocarbon receptor; DMBA; inflammation; carcinogenesis; selected mice Two nonisogenic mouse lines derived by bidirectional selection based on the intensity of local acute inflammatory reactions (AIR) to polyacrylamide beads (Biogel) 1 have shown striking differences in resistance/susceptibility to chemical-induced carcinogenesis. Mice with the maximum acute inflammatory reaction (AIRmax) are significantly more resistant than minimum responders (AIRmin) to two-stage skin tumorigenesis induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) followed by repeated doses of the promoter agent 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), 2 and also to lung carcinogenesis induced by urethane, 3 suggesting that a subset of loci affecting the inflammatory response also act as cancer modifier loci.DMBA and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds (PAHs) exert carcinogenic effects following metabolic activation mediated by the intracellular aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr), a ligand-activated transcriptional factor regulating the induction of mono-oxygenase enzymes that convert the parent DMBA compound to a diol epoxide, the actual carcinogenic moiety. 4 Ahr gene presents functional polymorphism, which accounts for differences in responses of mouse strains to PAHs. 5 We investigated DMBA-induced skin contact reactions and skin and lung tumor development in AIR mice with respect to their allele status of the Ahr gene. Our results implicate Ahr in tumor susceptibility and in inflammatory response control in AIRmax and AIRmin mice. Material and methods Mice and tumor inductionAIRmax and AIRmin mice from the 38th generation of selective breedings were produced at Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Butantan Institute (São Paulo, Brazil). All experimental procedures were approved by the Animal Experimentation Ethics Committee of the Institute. Doses of 50 lg DMBA (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) in 0.1 ml acetone were applied to the shaved dorsal skin of mice during 5 consecutive days. Skin tumors were scored twice a week in groups of 15 AIRmax and 15 AIRmi...

452Pesq. Vet. Bras. 31(5): 452-458, maio 2011 RESUMO.-O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a influência do exercício físico de alta intensidade e curta duração (provas de laço em dupla) sobre a lactacidemia e as concentrações séricas de aspartato aminotransferase (AST) e creatinoquinase (CK) em equinos durante competição realizada no estado do Espírito Santo. Para tal foram obtidas amostras de soro e plasma de 20 equinos, da raça Quarto de Milha ou mestiços, em três momentos assim definidos: no repouso, uma semana antes da prova atlética, já com o animal em treinamento (T0); antes da prova atléti-ca (T1) e imediatamente após o término da mesma (T2). As referidas amostras foram encaminhadas ao Laboratório Clí-nico do Centro Universitário Vila Velha (UVV) para as análi-ses. Na avaliação da lactacidemia, os resultados registrados nos momentos T0, T1 e T2 foram, respectivamente, de 0,49±0,24mmol/L, 0,93±0,16mmol/L e 9,86±2,09mmol/L. Na avaliação da atividade sérica de AST, os resultados registrados nos momentos T0, T1e T2 foram, respectiva- The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of high intensity and short duration physical exercise (roping team competition) on plasma lactate and serum AST and CK concentrations in horses during competition at Espírito Santo state, Brazil. Blood samples were obtained from 20 Quarter Horses, or cross-bred, in three moments: (1) at rest, one week before the competition, with the animals being trained, (2) just before the competition, and (3) immediately after the exercise. The samples were sent to Laboratório Clínico do Centro Universitário Vila Velha for analysis. Plasma lactate concentrations were 0.49±0.24mmol/L, 0.93±0.16mmol/L e 9.86±2.09mmol/L, respectively, on the moments rest and immediately before and after the exercise. Serum concentrations of AST were 189.1±43.6 IU/L, 210.2±46.7 IU/L e 173.1±33.5 IU/L, respectively, on the moments rest and immediately before and after the exercise. Finally, serum concentrations of CK were 110.9±35.2 IU/L, 51.8±15.4 IU/L and 88.2±33.5 IU/L, respectively, on the moments rest and immediately before and after the exercise. Results showed that the imposed physical exercise leaded to a significant elevation of plasma lactate and serum CK without alteration on AST. It was possible to conclude that horses were adapted to the level of exercise performed.

No abstract

The aims of this study were to evaluate effects of a 6 week resistance training on electrocardiographic (ECG) and blood parameters of police dogs. Our hypothesis was that this training protocol improves fitness, contributing to the welfare of these animals. Nine dogs, 18.56±0.53 months old, were evaluated before (M1) and six weeks after (M2) a training protocol using treadmill. Their training program was performed 2 times/week, and included 20 min of treadmill activity on a speed compatible with 60-80% of HRmax on weeks 1 and 2, same exercise of weeks 1 and 2 with a 5% grade added between 7.5 and 12.5 min in weeks 3 and 4, and, finally, same exercise of weeks 3 and 4 with three short bursts of strenuous exercise, 60 min after the end of treadmill activity. On both moments, animals were examined before (T0) and after (T1) an incremental effort test, and at 30 (T2) and 120 min (T3) of recovery, measuring heart rate, respiratory rate and body temperature. Blood samples were taken to determine erythrogram, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, triglycerides, lactate and glucose. Electrocardiographic variables were analysed at T0 and T1. All variables were analysed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests, with P≤0.05. After training, there was an increase on the length of work on treadmill of 41.5% for the German Shepherd (P=0.0139) and 21.4% for the Belgian Malinois (P=0.0085) along with a increase of maximal speed of 34.0% for the German Shepherd (P=0.0084) and 15.9% for the Belgian Malinois (P=0.0241). It was observed in physiological, blood and ECG parameters differences between M1 and M2 (P<0.05). Other findings included a lower rest QTc value at T0 after training (P=0.0194). The chosen training led to a better fitness of the police dogs as all of them worked more intensively with a low cardiovascular requirement in M2. In conclusion, current exercise protocol in a treadmill improved dogs fitness, when we analysed ECG, physiological and blood parameters, making possible that animals may be used in more extended and multiple missions, contributing welfare of these animals.

The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical and histopathological aspects of topical application of pure and ozonized andiroba oil (Carapa guianensis Aublet.) on the healing process of wounds in healthy horses. Eight 6.25 cm 2 wounds were surgically produced on each horse, from the cranial region to the sacrum, being four wounds on each side of the lumbar region. In three animals, left side was used for macroscopic observations and area measurement and right side was used for histopathological analysis. For the other two animals, evaluations were inverted. The beginning of the topical treatment occurred 12 hours after surgical induction of the injuries and was maintained daily until complete healing of the wounds, using saline solution (GC), ozonized saline solution (GO) sequentially and bilaterally in the craniocaudal direction, pure andiroba oil (GAP) and ozonized andiroba oil (GAO). Randomly, the sequence of the treatments was modified. Macroscopic and histopathological analyses were performed at 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after surgery. The time for complete healing of all wounds was recorded. A wound contraction of 67.75% for GC, 65.26% for GO, 67.91% for GAP, and 69.84% for GAO were recorded. Histopathologic evaluation revealed that wounds from the GAO and GAP had an advanced epithelialization, fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition, moderate vascular proliferation, and presence of PMN infiltrate and discrete viewing of MN. It was possible to conclude that all treatments had benefits when comparing to control group, concluding that both pure and ozonized andiroba oil may be good options for treating wounds in horses. Keywords: Carapa guianensis. Healing process. Equines. Wounds. Ozone. ResumoEste trabalho realizou uma avaliação clínica e histopatológica da aplicação tópica do óleo de andiroba (Carapa guianensis Aublet), puro e ozonizado, no processo de cicatrização de feridas em cinco equinos saudáveis. Oito feridas de 6,25 cm 2 foram induzidas cirurgicamente, quatro de cada lado da região lombar, craniais em relação à região sacral. Em três animais, o lado esquerdo foi destinado à avaliação macroscópica e mensuração de área, enquanto o lado direito foi destinado à análise histopatológica. Nos outros dois animais, as avaliações foram invertidas. O tratamento tópico foi iniciado 12 horas após a indução cirúrgica e foi mantido diariamente até a completa cicatrização das feridas. Foram usados, sequencialmente e bilateralmente, no sentido craniocaudal: solução salina (GC), solução salina ozonizada (GO), óleo de andiroba puro (GAP) e óleo de andiroba ozonizado (GAO). Aleatoriamente, a sequência de tratamentos foi modificada. As análises macroscópicas e microscópicas foram realizadas 3, 7, 14 e 21 dias após a cirurgia, e o tempo total para cicatrização registrado. A contração da ferida foi de 67,75% para GC, 65,26% para GO, 67,91% para GAP, e 69,84% para GAO. A avaliação histopatológica demonstrou que as feridas tratadas com GAO e GAP apresentaram uma avançada epitelização, proliferação fibroblás...

ResumoO objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a influência de uma prova de laço em dupla, caracterizado por ser um exercício físico de curta duração e alta intensidade, sobre a glicemia e concentrações séricas de cortisol, insulina e triglicérides em equinos, durante competição realizada no estado do Espírito Santo. Para tal, foram obtidas amostras de soro e plasma de dez equinos, da raça Quarto de Milha ou mestiços, em três momentos, assim definidos: no repouso, uma semana antes da prova atlética, já com o animal em treinamento (T0); antes da prova atlética (T1) e imediatamente após o término da mesma (T2). A análise dos resultados demonstrou a não influência do exercício físico imposto sobre a glicose plasmática, com valores plasmáticos de 96,1±12,9mg/dL, 101,3±11,9mg/dL e 100,2±13,9mg/dL, e sobre a insulina sérica, com valores médios de 1,95±1,47μUI/mL, 2,36±1,21μUI/mL e 1,54±1,08μUI/mL, respectivamente, nos tempos T0, T1 e T2. De forma oposta, foi possível observar uma influência significativa sobre triglicérides séricos, com valores médios de 17,9±4,7mg/dL, 23,7±11,8mg/dL e 42,3±20,6mg/dL, e sobre o cortisol sérico, com valores médios de 7,49±3,46mg/dL, 6,86±2,76mg/dL e 10,89±3,99mg/dL, respectivamente nos tempos T0, T1 e T2. A interpretação dos resultados permitiu sugerir que os equinos usados estavam aptos ao nível de atividade física imposta.Palavras-chave: Equinos. Cortisol. Glicose. Insulina. Laço em dupla. AbstractThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a ropping team competition (high intensity and short duration exercise) on glycemy and serum concentrations of cortisol, insuline and triglycerides in horses during competition at Espírito Santo state, Brazil. Blood samples were obtained from 10 Quarter Horses, or cross-bred, in three moments: (1) at rest, one week before the competition, with the animals being trained, (2) just before the competition, and (3) immediately after the exercise. Results showed that the imposed exercise did not influence plasmatic glucose, with mean values of 96.1±12.9mg/dL, 101.3±11.9mg/dL e 100.2±13.9mg/dL, and serum insuline, with mean values of 1.95±1.47μUI/mL, 2.36±1.21μUI/mL e 1.54±1.08μUI/mL, respectively on the moments T0, T1 and T2. Differently, it was possible to observe a positive influence of the exercise over serum triglycerides, with mean values of 17.9±4.7mg/ dL, 23.7±11.8mg/dL e 42.3±20.6mg/dL, and serum cortisol, with mean values of 7.49±3.46mg/dL, 6.86±2.76mg/dL e 10.89±3.99mg/dL, respectively on the moments T0, T1 and T2. It was possible to suggest that horses were adapted to the imposed level of exercise. Keywords

O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a influência do exercício físico de intensidade submáxima (provas de marcha) sobre as variáveis bioquímicas sanguíneas usadas na avaliação do metabolismo energético em equinos da raça Mangalarga Marchador criados no Estado do Espírito Santo. Para tal foram obtidas amostras de soro e plasma de 15 equinos, da raça Mangalarga Marchador, em quatro momentos assim definidos: antes (T0) e com 5 minutos (T1), 30 minutos (T2) e 2 horas (T3) após o término do exercício. A análise dos resultados demonstrou a não influência do exercício físico imposto sobre a glicose plasmática, com valores médios de 117,1±35,8mg/dL, 122,6±59,6mg/dL, 124,8± 48,6mg/dL e 112,9±49,1mg/dL, e sobre a insulina sérica, com valores de mediana de 6,50mUI/mL, 2,00mUI/mL, 5,85mUI/mL e 11,60mUI/mL, respectivamente, nos tempos T0, T1, T2 e T3. De forma oposta, foi possível observar uma influência significativa sobre triglicérides séricos, com valores médios de 25,4±14,9mg/dL, 42,3±17,8mg/dL, 31,4±17,7mg/dL e 25,1±15,1mg/dL, e sobre o cortisol sérico, com valores médios de 7,46±4,37mg/dL, 12,45±3,08mg/dL, 11,40±2,52mg/dL e 6,89±1,78mg/dL, respectivamente nos tempos T0, T1, T2 e T3. A interpretação destes resultados permitiu concluir que a marcha elevou as concentrações séricas de triglicérides e cortisol. Também foi possível destacar que, por tais valores encontrarem-se dentro de intervalos fisiológicos, os equinos usados estavam aptos ao nível de exercício físico imposto na ocasião.

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a influência do exercício físico (provas de marcha) sobre os valores séricos de AST e CK e valores plasmáticos de lactato em equinos da raça Mangalarga Marchador criados no estado do Espírito Santo. Amostras de soro e plasma foram obtidas de 15 equinos em quarto diferentes momentos: repouso (T0) e com 5 minutos (T1), 30 minutos (T2) e 2 horas (T3) após o término do exercício. Foram registrados valores de lactato plasmático de 1,02