This compilation of ferns and lycophytes in Brazil is an update of the one published in 2010 in Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos do Brasil. The methodology consisted in collecting data from regional checklists, taxonomic revisions, and selected databases. Invited specialists improved the list accessing a website housed at the Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. The results show 1,253 species: 1,111 of ferns and 142 of lycophytes. This number is 6.5% higher than the previous one (1,176 spp.). The percentage of endemic species decreased from 38.2% to 36.7%. We recognized 36 families and 133 genera (vs. 33 families, 121 genera in 2010). The 10 most diverse families are Pteridaceae (196 spp.), Dryopteridaceae (179), Polypodiaceae (164), Hymenophyllaceae (90), Thelypteridaceae (86), Aspleniaceae (78), Lycopodiaceae (64), Selaginellaceae (55), Anemiaceae (51), and Cyatheaceae (45). The three most diverse genera are still Elaphoglossum (87 spp.), Thelypteris (85), and Asplenium (74). The richest phytogeographic domain continues to be in the Atlantic Rainforest with 883 species which also has the largest number of endemic and threatened species, followed by the Amazon Rainforest (503) ResumoEsta compilação de samambaias e licófitas do Brasil é uma atualização daquela de 2010, no Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos do Brasil. A metodologia consistiu na reunião de dados de listas regionais, revisões de grupos e bancos de dados selecionados. Especialistas convidados melhoraram a lista através do acesso a um sítio da web do Jardim Botânico do Rio Janeiro. Os resultados apontam uma diversidade de 1.253 espécies, sendo 1.111 samambaias e 142 licófitas. Este número é 6,5% maior que o anterior (1.176 espécies). As espécies endêmicas decresceram de 38,2% para 36,7%. Foram reconhecidas 36 famílias e 133 gêneros (vs. 33 famílias, 121 gêneros em 2010). As dez famílias mais diversas são: Pteridaceae (196 espécies), Dryopteridaceae (179), Polypodiaceae (164), Hymenophyllaceae (90), Thelypteridaceae (86), Aspleniaceae (78), Lycopodiaceae (64), Selaginellaceae (55), Anemiaceae (51) e Cyatheaceae (45). Os três gêneros mais diversos continuam sendo Elaphoglossum (87 espécies), Thelypteris (85) e Asplenium (74). O Domínio Fitogeográfico mais rico continua sendo a Mata Atlântica (883 espécies) e também com mais espécies endêmicas e ameaçadas, seguido pela Amazônia (503 espécies), Cerrado (269), Pantanal (30), Caatinga (26) e Pampa (oito). Minas Gerais permanece como o estado com maior riqueza (657 espécies vs. 580 em 2010).

The fern family Blechnaceae, with about 250 species, has traditionally comprised one large genus, Blechnum, plus seven to nine smaller genera, most with fewer than 10 species. Several phylogenetic analyses strongly suggest that Blechnum in the traditional sense is not a monophyletic group. We propose a new classification for the family, with three subfamilies and 24 genera. All genera are described and new combinations are provided, with an estimate of species number for each genus. We also provide a key for the identification of the genera.

Blechnaceae, a leptosporangiate fern family nested within eupolypods II, comprises 200–250 species, typically divided among seven to nine genera. Despite recent molecular studies of the family, it still lacks a modern taxonomic update based on broad sampling from the two centres of diversity—the Neotropics and Australasia/Oceania. To test generic circumscriptions, we have assembled the broadest dataset thus far, from three plastid regions (rbcL, rps4‐trnS, trnL‐trnF) and with taxonomic sampling focused on both major diversity centres. Our sampling includes 156 taxa and 178 newly generated sequences. We recognize three subfamilies, each corresponding to a highly supported clade across all analyses (maximum parsimony, Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood). The genera Salpichlaena, Stenochlaena and Telmatoblechnum are monophyletic, while Blechnum is polyphyletic, because Brainea, Doodia and Sadleria all nest within it. We outline and explain a plan to resolve the polyphyly of Blechnum by recognizing additional, monophyletic, segregate genera.

ResumoRealizou-se o levantamento florístico das espécies vasculares (exceto epífitas) de um fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Mista Montana localizado no Parque Municipal do Barigüi, município de Curitiba, PR. Foram registradas 390 espécies, 226 gêneros e 99 famílias, entre pteridófitas, gimnospermas e angiospermas. Dentre as pteridófitas, destacaram-se como as mais ricas Dryopteridaceae (oito) e Blechnaceae (seis); e dentre as angiospermas, Asteraceae (30), Solanaceae (25), Myrtaceae (25) e Poaceae (17). As gimnospermas foram representadas por somente duas famílias, Araucariaceae e Podocarpaceae, cada uma delas com uma espécie. Foram listadas 141 espécies arbóreas, 129 herbáceas, 67 arbustivas, 50 trepadeiras e três hemiepífitas. A floresta, apesar de situada dentro de uma zona urbana, sujeita à intensa interferência antrópica, apresentou elevada riqueza específica. Palavras-chave: Floresta com Araucária; Floresta Ombrófila Mista; Araucaria angustifolia; levantamento florístico; parque municipal. Abstract Floristic composition of the Mixed Ombrophilous Montane Forest at Barigüi County Park, Parana,Brazil. The checklist (except epiphytes) of a subtropical ombrophilous montane forest at Barigüi Park, Curitiba County, listed 390 species, 226 genera and 99 families (pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms). The best-represented pteridophytes families were Dryopteridaceae (eight species) and Blechnaceae (six species) the angiosperms were Asteraceae (30 species), Solanaceae (25 species), Myrtaceae (25 species) and Poaceae (17 species). The gymnosperms were represented by two families only (Araucariaceae and Podocarpaceae) each one with one specie. We listed 141 trees, 129 herbs, 67 bushes, 50 vines and tree hemiepiphytes. Even thought being inside the city and showing significant anthropic influence the forest had a high floristic diversity.

Located in the Serra de Paranapiacaba, South of São Paulo State, the Carlos Botelho State Park (PECB) shelters more than 37,000 ha of Atlantic Forest in one of the most important and large remnants of this Biome in Brazil. In the Park the Montane and Submontane rain forests are the predominant types of forests. Aiming to organize the available floristic information and to orient future surveys, this study presents the list of native vascular species of the PECB forests. Besides authors´ personal collections, more than 3,900 records since 1967 were compiled. Coming from different sources of information, these records were checked for the presence of botanical synonyms and new combinations. A total of 1,143 species belonging to 528 genera and 140 families were listed (other 63 species were not included because they were non-native or of doubtful occurrence/determination). There was a great richness of Myrtaceae, Orchidaceae, Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Melastomataceae, Lauraceae, Rubiaceae and Bromeliaceae. Although high species richness was found, the richness of herbs, lianas and epiphytes are certainly underestimated and future surveys will add many species to the list presented here. In addition, more than 60 endangered species were found, mainly among the Myrtaceae, Lauraceae and Gesneriaceae families. Therefore, these results put the PECB among the most species-rich conservation units of São Paulo state with great relevance to national conservancy of plant diversity.

RESUMO -(Riqueza específica de pteridófitas em uma área de Floresta Ombrófila Densa montana no Sul do Brasil). Um inventário florístico de pteridófitas (samambaias e grupos aparentados) foi realizado em uma área de 1ha (100×100 m) no Parque Estadual Pico do Marumbi, município de Morretes, Estado do Paraná, Brasil. A área de estudo é coberta por Floresta Ombrófila Densa Montana e situa-se a aproximadamente 630 m de altitude. Todas as espécies e formas de vida de pteridófitas ocorrentes no interior da área foram registradas e a maioria foi coletada para determinação específica. No total, 81 espécies pertencentes a 17 famílias foram registradas. As famílias mais ricas foram Polypodiaceae (12 espécies), Hymenophyllaceae (11) e Lomariopsidaceae (11). Os gêneros mais ricos foram Asplenium (dez espécies), Elaphoglossum (dez) e Trichomanes (seis). A composição por forma de vida foi: epífitas (49 espécies), terrícolas (28), rupícolas (duas), epífitas/terrícolas/rupícolas (uma) e epífitas/rupícolas (uma). Nenhuma hemiepífita foi encontrada. As plantas terrícolas incluíram espécies herbáceas (22), arborescentes (quatro) e escandentes (duas). A riqueza da área pode ser considerada elevada quando comparada a outras áreas neotropicais.Palavras-chave: Pteridophyta, diversidade, contagem de espécies, florística, Sul do Brasil ABSTRACT -(Species richness of pteridophytes in a montane Atlantic rain forest plot of Southern Brazil). A floristic survey of pteridophytes (ferns and fern allies) was carried out in a 1ha plot in the Pico do Marumbi State Park, Morretes, State of Paraná, Southern Brazil. The study area is covered with a closed ombrophilous forest (Brazilian Atlantic Forest) and lies approximately 630 m in elevation. All species and life-forms of pteridophytes growing in the plot were registered and most of them were collected for taxonomic identification. A total of 81 species, belonging to 17 families were registered. The richest were Polypodiaceae (12 species), Hymenophyllaceae (11) and Lomariopsidaceae (11). The richest genera were Asplenium (ten species), Elaphoglossum (10) and Trichomanes (six). Life-form composition was: epiphytes (49 species), terrestrials (28), lithophytes (two), epiphytes/terrestrials/lithophytes (one) and epiphytes/lithophytes (one). No hemiepiphytes were found. Terrestrials included herbaceous (22 species), arborescent (four) and climbing (two). Species richness of the plot can be considered as high when compared to other neotropical sites.

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A taxonomic study of the Blechnum occidentale species group in southern and southeastern Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul) was carried out and eleven taxa were accepted (nine species, two hybrids). Four taxa are widely distributed in tropical America, three are widely distributed in South America, three are exclusive to southern South America, and one is restricted to Brazil. New records are presented for several taxa in states from southeastern Brazil, in other regions of the country, as well as in other countries. Taxonomic descriptions are presented for the whole genus and for all infrageneric taxa occurring in the study area as well as synonymies, lectotypifications, a new combination (Blechnum × leopoldense), a key for the identification of infrageneric taxa, comments and geographical distribution for each taxon.