This compilation of ferns and lycophytes in Brazil is an update of the one published in 2010 in Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos do Brasil. The methodology consisted in collecting data from regional checklists, taxonomic revisions, and selected databases. Invited specialists improved the list accessing a website housed at the Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. The results show 1,253 species: 1,111 of ferns and 142 of lycophytes. This number is 6.5% higher than the previous one (1,176 spp.). The percentage of endemic species decreased from 38.2% to 36.7%. We recognized 36 families and 133 genera (vs. 33 families, 121 genera in 2010). The 10 most diverse families are Pteridaceae (196 spp.), Dryopteridaceae (179), Polypodiaceae (164), Hymenophyllaceae (90), Thelypteridaceae (86), Aspleniaceae (78), Lycopodiaceae (64), Selaginellaceae (55), Anemiaceae (51), and Cyatheaceae (45). The three most diverse genera are still Elaphoglossum (87 spp.), Thelypteris (85), and Asplenium (74). The richest phytogeographic domain continues to be in the Atlantic Rainforest with 883 species which also has the largest number of endemic and threatened species, followed by the Amazon Rainforest (503) ResumoEsta compilação de samambaias e licófitas do Brasil é uma atualização daquela de 2010, no Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos do Brasil. A metodologia consistiu na reunião de dados de listas regionais, revisões de grupos e bancos de dados selecionados. Especialistas convidados melhoraram a lista através do acesso a um sítio da web do Jardim Botânico do Rio Janeiro. Os resultados apontam uma diversidade de 1.253 espécies, sendo 1.111 samambaias e 142 licófitas. Este número é 6,5% maior que o anterior (1.176 espécies). As espécies endêmicas decresceram de 38,2% para 36,7%. Foram reconhecidas 36 famílias e 133 gêneros (vs. 33 famílias, 121 gêneros em 2010). As dez famílias mais diversas são: Pteridaceae (196 espécies), Dryopteridaceae (179), Polypodiaceae (164), Hymenophyllaceae (90), Thelypteridaceae (86), Aspleniaceae (78), Lycopodiaceae (64), Selaginellaceae (55), Anemiaceae (51) e Cyatheaceae (45). Os três gêneros mais diversos continuam sendo Elaphoglossum (87 espécies), Thelypteris (85) e Asplenium (74). O Domínio Fitogeográfico mais rico continua sendo a Mata Atlântica (883 espécies) e também com mais espécies endêmicas e ameaçadas, seguido pela Amazônia (503 espécies), Cerrado (269), Pantanal (30), Caatinga (26) e Pampa (oito). Minas Gerais permanece como o estado com maior riqueza (657 espécies vs. 580 em 2010).

• Premise of the study: As currently circumscribed, Lastreopsis has about 45 species and occurs in Australia, southern Asia, Africa, Madagascar, and the neotropics. Previous molecular phylogenetic studies suggested that Lastreopsis is paraphyletic. Our study focuses on resolving relationships among the lastreopsid ferns (Lastreopsis, Megalastrum, and Rumohra), the evolution of morphological characters, and an understanding of the temporal and spatial patterns that have led to the current diversity and geographical distribution of its extant species.• Methods: Phylogenetic relationships were recovered under Bayesian, maximum likelihood, and maximum parsimony methods, using a data set of four plastid markers. Divergence time estimates were made using BEAST, and the biogeographic hypotheses were tested under the DEC model and the RASP/S-DIVA methods.• Key results: Lastreopsis was recovered as paraphyletic, and at least one of its clades should be recognized as a distinct genus, Parapolystichum. Coveniella poecilophlebia and Oenotrichia tripinnata were nested within Lastreopsis s.s., Megalastrum and Rumohra as sister to the Lastreopsis s.s., and the Lastreopsis amplissima clades. The initial diversification of the lastreopsids took place at about 56.55 Ma, from a neotropical ancestor.• Conclusions: Taxonomic recognition of Parapolystichum is warranted to preserve the monophyly of Lastreopsis. Diversification among the main clades of the lastreopsid ferns was influenced by climatic and geological changes in the southern hemisphere. The biogeographic history of the group is intimately related to the trans-Antarctic corridor between Australia and South America, with evidence for multiple lineage interchanges between Australia and South America during the Oligocene and the Eocene epochs.

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-(Pteridophytes from Vila Velha State Park, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil). In this work we present a floristic survey of the pteridophytes from the Vila Velha State Park, Ponta Grossa, Paraná. Vila Velha presents an area of 3,803.28 ha, altitudes varying from 800 to 1,100 m and it is mainly represented by natural grasslands surrounding Araucaria forestś pots and the peculiar sandstone formations arised. We have found 152 species, distributed in 54 genera, being Asplenium (11 spp.), Blechnum and Thelypteris (10 spp. each), Pecluma, Polypodium and Trichomanes (7 spp. each) the richest genera. One hundred species were found in the forests, 47 in the grasslands and 60 in the sandstone formations. Twentyseven species are restricted to Brazil, of which 14 are endemic to the southeast and south Brazil. IntroduçãoA flora de pteridófitas da região sul do Brasil está entre uma das mais bem conhecidas no território nacional, particularmente pelas publicações de Aloísio Sehnem, em virtude dos estudos que geraram a série de publicações da "Flora Ilustrada Catarinense". Em uma série de fascículos, Sehnem apresenta o tratamento taxonômico para várias espécies que, além de Santa Catarina, ocorrem também nos Estados vizinhos, Paraná e Rio Grande do Sul, particularmente nas áreas sob o domínio da Floresta Atlântica s.l.Para o Paraná, em particular, poucos são os trabalhos efetivamente publicados que envolvem sua diversidade de pteridófitas, entre eles: Hertel (1949), Tessmann (1951), Angely (1963), Dombrowski (1972, Cervi et al. (1987), Cislinski (1996 (2007). Além destes trabalhos, algumas revisões de gêneros e famílias também contribuem para o conhecimento de sua pteridoflora, uma vez que muitos materiais citados nestes trabalhos são oriundos desse Estado.

This paper treats the species of Megalastrum Holttum that occur in Brazii Paraguay, and Uruguay. This region was chosen for treatment because, with a tew exceptions, there is no overlap of species with other regions of the Neotropics. Most species of Megalastrum in the region treated here occur primarily in the Atlantic rainforest of coastal Brazil [sensu Rizzini 1976) That there is hardly any overlap with other regions in the Neotropics is not surprising given that the Atlantic rainforest of coastal Brazil is isolated from the Andes, the mam region where the genus occurs in South America The genus is absent from Amazonian Brazil (Fig. 1).Although Christensen (1913Christensen ( , 1920 treated 10 Brazilian species of Megalastrum his treatment was based on the relatively few specimens then . ... ." jjgjjy out-of-date. Brade (1972) published a helpful study of the BraziliE I species, also including species now placed in Dryopte Ctenitis, but it too needs updating because recent collectif the known ranges of many Brazilian species and new species have been discovered. Moran et al. (2008) have shown that one of the species assigned to the group by Christensen, Brade, and others (M. lasiernos (Spreng ) A R Sm & R. C. Moran) is actually a Cyathea.Christensen (1913, 1920) first recognized Megalastrum as a group, ttiem m his monograph of Neotropical Dryopteris as the "group of D submcisa-of subgen. Ctenitis. He assigned about 30 species to the group Holttum (1986) elevated the subincisa group to generic rank, as Megalastrum and made combinations for the Jamaican type of the genus (M. villosum (L.

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Our recent molecular phylogenetic study revealed a previously unrecognized clade of six species that is sister to Elaphoglossum. Within this clade, four species are currently classified in Bolbitis, one in Lomagramma, and one in Acrostichum. For this clade, we propose the name Mickelia, with M. nicotianifolia as the type species. We also make new combinations for the species in our phylogenetic study shown to belong to Mickelia (M. bernoullii, M. guianensis, M. hemiotis, M. nicotianifolia, M. oligarchica, and M. scandens) and two other species believed to belong to the clade based on morphology (M. lindigii, M. pergamentacea). A new hybrid and two new species are also described (M. ×atrans, M. furcata, and M. pradoi). In total, Mickelia consists of ten species and one hybrid. It is entirely neotropical. We provide a key to the genera of bolbitidoid ferns and a synopsis of Mickelia that gives for each species a complete synonymy, geographical distribution, comparative discussion, and illustration.Resumo. Análises filogenéticas recentes revelaram a existência de uma clado composto por seis espécies, irmão de Elaphoglossum. Das espécies incluídas nestas análises, quatro são atualmente tratadas em Bolbitis, uma em Lomagramma, e uma em Acrostichum. A este clado propomos o nome Mickelia, com M. nicotianifolia sendo sua espécie-tipo. Neste trabalho são apresentadas as novas combinações para as espécies de Mickelia, tanto as que foram tratadas nas análises filogenéticas (M. bernoullii, M. guianensis, M. hemiotis, M. nicotianifolia, M. oligarchica e M. scandens), quanto para duas outras que são aqui incluídas com base em evidências morfológicas (M. lindigii e M. pergamentacea). Um híbrido novo e duas espécies novas são também descritos (M. ×atrans, M. furcata e M. pradoi). No total, Mickelia compreende dez espécies e um híbrido. O gênero é inteiramente neotropical, e é caracterizado pelo hábito hemiepifítico, nervuras anastomosadas, e pela ausência de gemas (essas, se presentes, surgindo próximas à junção da pina com a raque). São apresentadas uma chave para os gêneros das samambaias bolbitidoides, e uma sinopse para Mickelia contendo uma lista completa de sinônimos, dados sobre distribuição geográfica, discussões comparativas e ilustrações.A recent phylogenetic analysis (Moran et al., 2010) of the bolbitidoid ferns (equivalent to "the former lomariopsid ferns" of Schuettpelz & Pryer, 2007) has shown that Bolbitis is diphyletic. The first clade, to which the name Bolbitis Schott applies, is pantropical and consists of about 50 species. It is sister to the rest of the bolbitidoid ferns (i.e., Arthrobotrya, Elaphoglossum, Lomagramma, and Teratophyllum). The second clade, which we called the "Bolbitis nicotianifolia clade" (Moran et al., 2010), is entirely neotropical