In 2018-2020, Phoma rot (Leptosphaeria maculans Ces. & De Not) in the form of stem canker was the most common disease on winter rapeseed and winter brown mustard in the central zone of the Krasnodar region of the Russian Federation. Given the high prevalence and development of the disease in all years of research, we identified the rapeseed samples resistant to it; they had the affection degree of 1-2 points (9.0-12.0% of the total number of studied samples). The rest of the samples were weakly resistant with the affection degree of 3-4 points (33.0-39.0 % of samples), weakly susceptible with the affection degree of 5-6 points (28.0-40.0 % of samples) and susceptible with the affection degree of 7-9 points (15 0-23.0 % of samples). We also identified the samples resistant to Phoma rot during the examination of mustard. Their number was lower than that of the rapeseed – 3.0-6.0 % of the total number of samples. The main part of the samples was weakly resistant with the affection degree of 3-4 points (47.0-63.0 % of the total number of samples). The rest of the samples during the years of research were weakly susceptible with the affection degree of 5-6 points (11.0-30.0 %) and susceptible (9.0-18.0 %). The parental material of winter rapeseed and winter brown mustard, resistant to disease, can be used as the donors of resistance to Phoma rot in breeding work during the development of the new promising varieties.
During the growth season, the plants of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and brown mustard (Brassica juncea L.) are affected by various diseases: Fusarium blight, Verticillium blight, Alternaria blight, and others. The cultivation of rapeseed and mustard varieties resistant to diseases is a cost-effective and environmentally safe way to protect plants from diseases. The aim of the work was to evaluate the new breeding material of spring rapeseed and brown mustard for resistance to Fusarium blight in the form of tracheomycotic wilting of plants to continue breeding work to develop varieties of these crops. In 2017-2020, we carried out a phytopathological evaluation of new breeding samples of rapeseed and brown mustard for resistance to Fusarium blight. As a result, we selected a valuable breeding material of spring rapeseed and brown mustard resistant to Fusarium blight infection, which also exceeds the standard by economic characters. The productivity of the best selected samples is higher than the varieties Tavrion and Nika by 0.13-0.59 and 0.18-0.28 t/ha, respectively, the oil content of seeds – by 0.2-2.0 and 1.2-2.1 %, respectively. These samples will be used as donors of Fusarium blight resistance in breeding work during development of new varieties of spring rapeseed and brown mustard in the central zone of Krasnodar region.
Alternaria blight (pathogens are fungi Alternaria spp.) is one of the most harmful diseases for brown mustard. We carried out the research at V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops in 2017-2019 on the brown mustard variety Nika. In all variants we counted the mustard plants affected by Alternaria blight at the yellow pod stage, during the most intensive development of disease on plants. The aim of the research is to study the effect of modern fungicides on reducing the harmfulness of brown mustard Alternaria blight in the central zone of the Krasnodar region. We established that the treatment of brown mustard plants with fungicides at the green pod stage reduced the prevalence and development of Alternaria blight by 50.0-64.0 and 27.0-36.5 %, respectively, in comparison to the control (92.0 and 44.0 %, respectively). The preparations containing tebuconazole 250 g/l, EC and boscalid 200 g/l, SC showed the best biological effectiveness – 80.0-83.0 %. The yield of brown mustard seeds in variants with these preparations significantly exceeded the control (by 0.40-0.48 t/ha). The oil content of seeds was significantly higher than the control (by 3.8-6.5 %) in variants with tebuconazole 250 g/l, EC, boscalid 200 g/l + dimoxystrobin 200 g/l, SC and azoxystrobin 200 g/l + cyproconazole 80 g/l, SC.
The aim of the research was to study the effect of chemical and biological fungicidal disinfectants on the sowing qualities of seeds, the length of stem and root of seedlings of winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and winter mustard (Brassica juncea L.). We carried out the research in 2018-2020 in the laboratory conditions on the seeds of rapeseed cultivar Sarmat and mustard cultivar Dzhuna. We tested the following fungicidal disinfectants: chemical – a contact preparation with the active ingredient thiram 400 g/l (standard); systemic preparation with the active ingredient fludioxonil 25 g/l; complex biological contacts consisting of fungi of the genus Trichoderma Pers. and of bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas Мigula: biopreparation 1 (1 g/l+2x108 CFU/ml); biopreparation 2 (2 g/l+2x108 CFU/ml). All studied disinfectants suppress seed infections on rapeseed and mustard. They do not have negative effect on the stem length of rapeseed seedlings, but in the variant with thiram, the number of seedlings with a short root increases by 13 % compared to the control. When rapeseed seeds are treated with Fludioxonil and biopreparations, the number of seedlings with a root length of 56-70 mm increases, which contributes to better rooting and optimal overwintering of plants. When seeds of winter mustard are treated with thiram, the number of seedlings with a very short root (up to 25 mm) increases. Fludioxonil and biopreparation 1 contribute to an increase in the number of seedlings with a root length of 41-55 mm, which favorably affects the development of the plant’s root system and contributes to an increase in winter hardiness.
The purpose of the research was to determine the effect of herbicides on winter false flax and to identify the preparation that does not effect negatively on crop plants. The research was carried out in 20182020 at V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops. The experiment scheme included herbicides with active ingredients (a.i.), which effectively decreased the number of weeds on the plots. The effectiveness of the preparations was more than 70% for different types of weeds. However, the variants with the application of preparations with a.i. clopyralid 300 g/l, S-Metolachlor 960 g/l, ethametsulfuronmethyl 750 g/kg significantly decreased the plant density (by 18-32 pcs/m2) and seed yield (by 0.33-0.52 t/ha) of false flax in comparison with the control. The oil content of seeds was significantly decreased in the variants with the herbicides with a.i. S-Metolachlor 960 g/l with the application rate of 1.6 l/ha and ethametsulfuron-methyl 750 g/kg (by 1.2-1.5 %). In other variants, the oil content of false flax seeds differed from the control insignificantly (by 0.3-0.4 %). It has been established that the preparation with a.i. quinmerac 83 g/l + metazachlor 333 g/l with the application rate of 2.0 or 2.5 l/ha should be applied to decrease the number of weeds in the sowings of winter false flax in the central zone of the Krasnodar region. This preparation, without having a toxic effect, increases the yield by 0.15-0.17 t/ha and does not decrease the plant density and oil content of false flax seeds.
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