The effect of presowing treatment of seeds of winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and winter brown mustard (Brassica juncea L.) with modern fungicides on their sowing qualities and biometric characteristics of seedlings

Abstract

The aim of the research was to study the effect of chemical and biological fungicidal disinfectants on the sowing qualities of seeds, the length of stem and root of seedlings of winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and winter mustard (Brassica juncea L.). We carried out the research in 2018-2020 in the laboratory conditions on the seeds of rapeseed cultivar Sarmat and mustard cultivar Dzhuna. We tested the following fungicidal disinfectants: chemical – a contact preparation with the active ingredient thiram 400 g/l (standard); systemic preparation with the active ingredient fludioxonil 25 g/l; complex biological contacts consisting of fungi of the genus Trichoderma Pers. and of bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas Мigula: biopreparation 1 (1 g/l+2x108 CFU/ml); biopreparation 2 (2 g/l+2x108 CFU/ml). All studied disinfectants suppress seed infections on rapeseed and mustard. They do not have negative effect on the stem length of rapeseed seedlings, but in the variant with thiram, the number of seedlings with a short root increases by 13 % compared to the control. When rapeseed seeds are treated with Fludioxonil and biopreparations, the number of seedlings with a root length of 56-70 mm increases, which contributes to better rooting and optimal overwintering of plants. When seeds of winter mustard are treated with thiram, the number of seedlings with a very short root (up to 25 mm) increases. Fludioxonil and biopreparation 1 contribute to an increase in the number of seedlings with a root length of 41-55 mm, which favorably affects the development of the plant’s root system and contributes to an increase in winter hardiness.