In 2018-2020, Phoma rot (Leptosphaeria maculans Ces. & De Not) in the form of stem canker was the most common disease on winter rapeseed and winter brown mustard in the central zone of the Krasnodar region of the Russian Federation. Given the high prevalence and development of the disease in all years of research, we identified the rapeseed samples resistant to it; they had the affection degree of 1-2 points (9.0-12.0% of the total number of studied samples). The rest of the samples were weakly resistant with the affection degree of 3-4 points (33.0-39.0 % of samples), weakly susceptible with the affection degree of 5-6 points (28.0-40.0 % of samples) and susceptible with the affection degree of 7-9 points (15 0-23.0 % of samples). We also identified the samples resistant to Phoma rot during the examination of mustard. Their number was lower than that of the rapeseed – 3.0-6.0 % of the total number of samples. The main part of the samples was weakly resistant with the affection degree of 3-4 points (47.0-63.0 % of the total number of samples). The rest of the samples during the years of research were weakly susceptible with the affection degree of 5-6 points (11.0-30.0 %) and susceptible (9.0-18.0 %). The parental material of winter rapeseed and winter brown mustard, resistant to disease, can be used as the donors of resistance to Phoma rot in breeding work during the development of the new promising varieties.
During the growth season, the plants of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and brown mustard (Brassica juncea L.) are affected by various diseases: Fusarium blight, Verticillium blight, Alternaria blight, and others. The cultivation of rapeseed and mustard varieties resistant to diseases is a cost-effective and environmentally safe way to protect plants from diseases. The aim of the work was to evaluate the new breeding material of spring rapeseed and brown mustard for resistance to Fusarium blight in the form of tracheomycotic wilting of plants to continue breeding work to develop varieties of these crops. In 2017-2020, we carried out a phytopathological evaluation of new breeding samples of rapeseed and brown mustard for resistance to Fusarium blight. As a result, we selected a valuable breeding material of spring rapeseed and brown mustard resistant to Fusarium blight infection, which also exceeds the standard by economic characters. The productivity of the best selected samples is higher than the varieties Tavrion and Nika by 0.13-0.59 and 0.18-0.28 t/ha, respectively, the oil content of seeds – by 0.2-2.0 and 1.2-2.1 %, respectively. These samples will be used as donors of Fusarium blight resistance in breeding work during development of new varieties of spring rapeseed and brown mustard in the central zone of Krasnodar region.
Alternaria blight (pathogens are fungi Alternaria spp.) is one of the most harmful diseases for brown mustard. We carried out the research at V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops in 2017-2019 on the brown mustard variety Nika. In all variants we counted the mustard plants affected by Alternaria blight at the yellow pod stage, during the most intensive development of disease on plants. The aim of the research is to study the effect of modern fungicides on reducing the harmfulness of brown mustard Alternaria blight in the central zone of the Krasnodar region. We established that the treatment of brown mustard plants with fungicides at the green pod stage reduced the prevalence and development of Alternaria blight by 50.0-64.0 and 27.0-36.5 %, respectively, in comparison to the control (92.0 and 44.0 %, respectively). The preparations containing tebuconazole 250 g/l, EC and boscalid 200 g/l, SC showed the best biological effectiveness – 80.0-83.0 %. The yield of brown mustard seeds in variants with these preparations significantly exceeded the control (by 0.40-0.48 t/ha). The oil content of seeds was significantly higher than the control (by 3.8-6.5 %) in variants with tebuconazole 250 g/l, EC, boscalid 200 g/l + dimoxystrobin 200 g/l, SC and azoxystrobin 200 g/l + cyproconazole 80 g/l, SC.
The article presents the research data on the effect of Fusarium blight, Phoma rot, and Sclerotinia blight on the plant productivity of winter and spring rapeseed, brown mustard, and white mustard. As a result of studies, we found that Fusarium blight (the pathogens are fungi of the genus Fusarium Link) was the most harmful for the spring rapeseed, brown and white mustard – affection by it significantly decreased plant productivity. At 4 points of affection degree of plants, the harmfulness of the disease reached 71.2, 82.4, and 87.2 %, respectively. On winter rapeseed and mustard, plant productivity was considerably decreased by affection by Phoma rot in the form of a stem cancer (the pathogen is a fungus Leptosphaeria maculans (Desm.) Ces. et. De Not) and the stem form of Sclerotinia blight (the pathogen is a fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) De Bary.). The harmfulness of these diseases at 4 points of affection degree of plants reached 56.7 % and 66.7 % on rapeseed, and 56.6 % and 70.7 % on mustard, respectively.
The article presents the research data on the effect of Fusarium blight, Phoma rot, and Sclerotinia blight on the plant productivity of winter and spring rapeseed, brown mustard, and white mustard. As a result of studies, we found that Fusarium blight (the pathogens are fungi of the genus Fusarium Link) was the most harmful for the spring rapeseed, brown and white mustard – affection by it significantly decreased plant productivity. At 4 points of affection degree of plants, the harmfulness of the disease reached 71.2, 82.4, and 87.2 %, respectively. On winter rapeseed and mustard, plant productivity was considerably decreased by affection by Phoma rot in the form of a stem cancer (the pathogen is a fungus Leptosphaeria maculans (Desm.) Ces. et. De Not) and the stem form of Sclerotinia blight (the pathogen is a fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) De Bary.). The harmfulness of these diseases at 4 points of affection degree of plants reached 56.7 % and 66.7 % on rapeseed, and 56.6 % and 70.7 % on mustard, respectively.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.