The mineral composition of Allium cepa L. leaves was measured by using the scanning electron microscope of Japanese company JEOL, model JSM600LA with EDS system. 11collection samples of FRC “All-Russian Institute of Plants Genetic Resources named after N. I. Vavilov” and 4 samples of FSBSI “Research Institute of Agriculture of the Crimea” were studied. 12 main elements (in mass., %) contained in onion leaves were evaluated. The samples with the maximum macro- and micronutrient elements accumulation in the leaves used for the sourthern subspecies breeds and hybrids selection were revealed. These samples can be used to prevent the elements deficiency in the human body. The following samples number with a high accumulation of the elements in the leaves was revealed: K – nine (from 20.0 to 3.3 max %: B12132B, trimontzium, Rouge pale, Red Wetherstfield, Blood red flat, Valensiya, Tavricheskiy, Yaltinskiy lux, Yaltinskiy rubin), P – five (from 1.8 to 2.8 mass., %:B12132B, Mestniy, Valensiya, Yaltinskiy lux, Yaltinskiy rubin), Mg – one (2.23 mass., %: Rouge pale), Ca – nine (from 5.4 to 8.3 mass., %: Mestniy, Rouge pale, Mestniy, Red Wetherstfield, Blood red flat, Valensiya, Brown Beauty, Yaltinskiy lux and Yaltinskiy rubin), Fe – two (from 0.5 to 0.8 mass., %: B12132B, Tavricheskiy), S – seven (from 2.2 to 2.5 mass., %: B12132B, Mestniy, Red Wetherstfield, Tavricheskiy, Yaltinskiy lux, Yaltinskiy rubin, Yaltinskiy model No. 3), Na – two (from 1.3 to 1.5 mass., %: B12132B, Mestniy), Cl – five (from 4.0 to 7.0 mass., %: Mestniy, B12132B, Trimontzium, Red Wetherstfield, Yaltinskiy model No. 3), Cu – one (1.9 mass., %: Yaltinskiy model No. 5), Mo – eight (from 5.2 to 7.0 mass., %: Tavricheskiy, Yaltinskiy lux, Yaltinskiy rubin, Yaltinskiy model No. 3, Mestniy, Trimontzium, Red Wetherstfield, and B12132B), Zn – seven (from 0.5 to 4.97 mass., %: Yaltinskii model No. 3, Mestniy, B12132B, Rouge pale, Blood red flat, Brown Beauty, Yaltinskiy rubin) and Si – one (0.5 mass.%,%: Yaltinskiy lux). The order of the elements accumulation variation in the onion samples was distributed as follows: Zn > Fe > Si > Na > P > Cl > Mo > Mg > S > Ca > Cu > K.
Against the background of global climate change, drought stress has become one of the environmental limiting factors that can significantly influence the growth and development of crop plants. Drought stress conditions also cause changes in plant physiological and metabolic processes. The influence of soil drought on the mineral composition of the leaves of two Actinidia species with С3-type photosynthesis, namely, Actinidia argutа (Siebold & Zucc.) Planch. ex Miq. cultivar ‘Taezhny Dar’ and Actinidia kolomikta (Maxim. & Rupr.) Maxim. cultivar ‘Narodnaya’, was studied through energy dispersive spectrometry. The investigations were carried out during 2020 to 2021 at the Department of Genofonde and Bioresources of Plants, Federal Scientific Center for Horticulture, Moscow. The present research revealed that actinidia leaves contained the following major elements: K (11.19 mass% to 13.84 mass%), Ca (7.83% to 12.08 mass%), Cl (6.20 mass% to 7.33 mass%), and Mg (2.98 mass% to 3.44 mass%). Low values were recorded for Mo (1.19 mass% to 4.49 mass%) and P (0.83 mass% to 1.25 mass%). In both species, the mineral elements K and Ca were present at high levels. A positive correlation was observed between Mg–P, K–Mn, Mn–Se, Cu-Se, P–Si, Na–Mo, and Si–Mn in the leaves of A. argutа and between Cl–Ca, Mo; P–Si, Mo; and K–Ca in the leaves of A. kolomikta. Under stress conditions, the ratios of K/Ca and K/P declined to 0.9 and 6.3, respectively, whereas those of K/Cl, K/Mg, and K/Mo increased to 3.8, 4.4, and 2.7, respectively. The present studies confirmed that actinidia leaves contained high concentrations of minerals, especially K, Ca, P, and Mg, and that the accumulation of mineral elements in actinidia plant leaves under drought conditions varied depending on the species.
Thirteen collection samples of Allium cepa L. of different ecology-geographical origin grown in the Crimea conditions are given. Morphometric characteristics of the bulbs - the form index, the diameter, the height, the weight, the thickness and the quantity of rich skins are analyzed. The greatest output of standart production (90 - 95.6%) was observed for all breeds. The biochemical values of the Allium cepa L. samples under study were examined by the traditional methods. It is marked that the dry substances, the sugars sum, the mono- and disaccharides in the majority of the samples exceed the standart (Yaltinsky rubin) on 14 - 39%, 11 - 48% and 36 - 150% correspondently. The samples with the high concentration of essential oil are singled out: Yaltinsky rubin (Crimea), Tavrichesky (Crimea), Blood red flat (Netherlands) and Brown Beauty (USA) - 4.5, 6.2, 5.6 and 4.4% correspondently. The microsculpture of Allium cepa L. leaf was studied by the method of raster electron mi-croscopy and the essential breed differences of the stomata quantity and their arrangement towards the leaf level were distinguished. The results of electron-microscopic research indicate the different level of Allium cepa L. samples adaptability. Allium cepa L. samples under study of the southern subspecies are recommended for the development of the new breeds with the advanced nutritional qualities.
ФГБУН «Научно-исследовательский институт сельского хозяйства Крыма» Реферат. В последние годы в России возникает интерес к использованию и возделыванию новых лекарственных, эфиромасличных и пряно-ароматических растений. Одно из них -нигелла дамасская (Nigella damascena L.). Однако до настоящего времени остаются мало изученными вопросы повышения эффективности производства продукции нигеллы за счет применения микробных препаратов, поэтому исследования в этом направлении являются актуальными. Цель исследований -изучить совместимость бактерий-биоагентов микробных препаратов с семенами нигеллы дамасской (N. damascena) и влияние биологических препаратов на посевные качества семян чернушки. Лабораторные опыты проведены в 2018-2019 гг. в отделе сельскохозяйственной микробиологии ФГБУН «НИИСХ Крыма». Фитонцидную активность семян нигеллы по отношению к штаммам-биоагентам микробных препаратов оценивали по Данини Е. М. Изучение влияния биопрепаратов на посевные качества нигеллы проведено в серии лабораторных опытов по общепринятым методикам. Для обработки семян использовали микробные препараты: «Диазофит» (основа -бактерия Rhizobium radiobacter 204), препарат на основе Lelliottia nimipressuralis CCM 32-3, «Биополицид» (основа -бактерия Paenibacillus polymyxa П) и их комплекс (смесь биопрепаратов в соотношении 1:1:1). Установлено, что экстрактивные вещества семян нигеллы не оказывают бактериостатического действия на штаммы R. radiobacter 204, L. nimipressuralis CCM 32-3 и P. polymyxa П. Выявлено, что применение комплекса микробных препаратов (КМП) для обработки семян способствовало достоверному возрастанию скорости, энергии прорастания и всхожести на 22,5 %, 49,0 % и 7,0 % соответственно по сравнению с контролем. Показано, что численность КОЕ эпифитных микроорганизмов семян нигеллы дамасской достигает 25 тыс. КОЕ/г семян. Наибольшая численность среди микроорганизмов, населяющих карпосферу нигеллы, отмечена для стрептомицетов, их количество достигает 21,4 тыс. КОЕ/г семян, а меньше всего -представителей спорообразующих бактерий и микромицетов: 0,5 и 0,3 тыс. КОЕ/г семян соответственно. Ключевые слова: микробные препараты, нигелла дамасская (Nigella damascena L.), посевные качества семян, эпифитная микрофлора.Введение Нигелла (Nigella L.) или чернушка -однолетнее травянистое растение семейства лютиковые (Ranunculaceae). В настоящее время культура привлекает к себе внимание благодаря широкому спектру хозяйственно полезных свойств и приобретает все большее значение как эфиромасличное, лекарственное, пряно-ароматическое и декоративное растение [1, 2]. В семенах чернушки накапливается до 40 % жирного масла, 0,5-1,9 % эфирного масла, аминокислоты, витамины, белки, углеводы и минералы [3][4][5][6]. Благодаря широкому спектру содержащихся в растении полезных веществ культуру можно использовать в пищевой b косметической отраслях промышленности, а также в
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.