The questions of the practical usage of the analytical scanning electron microscope JSM 600 LA by JEOL company (Japan) with EDS system -microanalysis for the studying of the ash elemental composition of seeds 9 breeds (Vegetable and Grain application) 4 species genus Amaranthus L. -A. hypochondriacus, A. cruentus, A. hybridus, A. caudatus, A. tricolor. Plant seeds by Federal center of vegetable production selection were envisaged. We studied the concentration of 14 basic elements (in weight %) contained in the mineral part of amaranth seeds. In the amaranth seeds of vegetable forms the accumulation order of the elements is the following: Ca >K >P >Mg >Si >Se >Fe >Mo ≈ S ≈ Cl ≈ Zn >Na >Al. In the seeds of the grain forms the order is different: К >P >Ca >Si >Se >Mg >Fe >Na >Mo >Cl ≈ S ≈ Mn ≈ Zn ≈ Al. The amaranth seeds of the grain forms are rich in macro -and microelements. P, K, Cl and S in the seeds of the grain forms are accumulated on 50, 37, 15 and 5% more and Si, Fe and Al in 2.6 and 1.8 times more than in the vegetable forms seeds. The breeds with the high concentration of the elements are recommended for using in the selection process. The elevated level of the essential macroand microelements such as Ca, K, P, Mg, Mo, S and Cl stipulates the perspective of the functional products creation on the base of the studied amaranth seeds for the enrichment of the food stuffs.
The questions of the practical usage of the analytical scanning electron microscope JSM 600 LA by JEOL company (Japan) with EDS system – microanalysis were envisaged. This device was used to study the structure and elemental composition of the fruit ash received from 6 breeds of 3 plum species. Plum fruit are rich in mineral substances, the following order of substances accumulation is characteristic for them: K > P > Ca > Mg > Na ≈ S > Fe > Zn ≈ Cu > Mn ≈ Co > N i≈ Pb. In fruit pulp K is accumulated on 7 – 20 % more than in skin. The concentration of Ca, Cu, Fe, Ni, Zn and Pb in fruit skin is in 2 – 10 times higher than in pulp. The most of mineral substances is accumulated in the fruit of Prunus salicina L. plum specie. The significant correlations are determined between Ca and Mg (r 0.75) and Ca and Ni (r 0.71); the medium correlation is indicated between Ca and Cu (r 0.62) and Cu and Ni (r 0.55).
Features of pollen grains, sculpture 2 species Rosaceae Juss. (Malus domestica Borkh and Pyrus communis L.) has been studied in detail using scanning electron microscopy method. The pollen material is picked up in Slovak Republic, was used in the study. Shape of the pollen grains is oblong-ellipsoidal. In terms of poles, the grain is round. The pollen grains Malus domestica and Pyrus communis has -3 colossus, the hole is long. A complex type of exine is characteristic of the studied species of Rosaceae. The average size of the poles axis of pollen grains is Malus domestica trees is in the range of 27.91-36.62 μm, the equatorial diameter is in the range of 13.28-17.17 μm. The average size of the pole axis of pollen poles of Pyrus communis trees is 38.83-56.83 μm, the equatorial diameter is 20.26-29.92 μm. The ratio of the pole axis to the equatorial (P/E) is the degree of elongation of the pollen grains (roundness).The pollen of Malus domestica breeds is more elongate compared with the pollen of Pyrus communis. Pollen of Malus domestica rocks are more elongated compared with the pollen of Pyrus communis (Р/Е is 14% more). The traits analysed could be useful for plant breeders or for gene bank curators at the first steps of identification of cultivars, since the analysis is simpler and less expensive than other methods.
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