Gluten, protein and amino acid composition play an important role in grain quality assessment. Areas of interest of our research include essential amino acids, which are not synthesized in the human body. It is a commonly known fact that large doses of mineral fertilizers increase grain crops’ yield and quality. However, fertilization leads to undesirable effects—in particular, environmental pollution. This creates a need to replace mineral fertilizers, at least partially, with alternative methods. One such method is the use of microbial preparations in modern technologies for growing cereals. This research, therefore, aimed to study the effect of presowing seed inoculation with a microbial preparation (based on phosphate-mobilizing bacterium Lelliottia nimipressuralis CCM* 32-3) on T. aestivum grain quality, namely the content of gluten, protein and amino acids. The analysis of three-year field experiments showed that the highest values were obtained when using the microbial preparation against the background of mineral fertilizers at the rate of P30. Presowing seed inoculation contributed to a significant increase in grain productivity (by 31.5% compared to control). The content of protein and gluten in the grain also increased up to 12.5 % and 28.0%, while in the control, these figures were 10.8% and 21.2%, respectively. Moreover, the total content of amino acids in wheat grain in the variant inoculation + fertilizers (P30) was the highest compared to those without inoculation. The following excess was noted: by 52% compared to control (without fertilizers); and by 29%, 17% and 10% in variants with mineral fertilizers at the rate of P30, P60, and P90, respectively. The obtained research results indicate that the combined application of mineral fertilizer Ammophos (at the rate of P30) and microbial preparation based on the phosphate-mobilizing bacterium L. nimipressuralis CCM 32-3 for presowing seed inoculation is an effective technique that improves the yield and quality indicators of winter wheat grain under the conditions of southern regions with insufficient moisture supply.
This work was carried out in collaboration between both authors. Author LAC designed the study, managed the analyses of the study, wrote the protocol, managed the literature searches and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Author MIB managed the analyses of the study, wrote the protocol, performed the statistical analysis and managed the literature searches. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript.
ФГБУН «Научно-исследовательский институт сельского хозяйства Крыма» Реферат. В последние годы в России возникает интерес к использованию и возделыванию новых лекарственных, эфиромасличных и пряно-ароматических растений. Одно из них -нигелла дамасская (Nigella damascena L.). Однако до настоящего времени остаются мало изученными вопросы повышения эффективности производства продукции нигеллы за счет применения микробных препаратов, поэтому исследования в этом направлении являются актуальными. Цель исследований -изучить совместимость бактерий-биоагентов микробных препаратов с семенами нигеллы дамасской (N. damascena) и влияние биологических препаратов на посевные качества семян чернушки. Лабораторные опыты проведены в 2018-2019 гг. в отделе сельскохозяйственной микробиологии ФГБУН «НИИСХ Крыма». Фитонцидную активность семян нигеллы по отношению к штаммам-биоагентам микробных препаратов оценивали по Данини Е. М. Изучение влияния биопрепаратов на посевные качества нигеллы проведено в серии лабораторных опытов по общепринятым методикам. Для обработки семян использовали микробные препараты: «Диазофит» (основа -бактерия Rhizobium radiobacter 204), препарат на основе Lelliottia nimipressuralis CCM 32-3, «Биополицид» (основа -бактерия Paenibacillus polymyxa П) и их комплекс (смесь биопрепаратов в соотношении 1:1:1). Установлено, что экстрактивные вещества семян нигеллы не оказывают бактериостатического действия на штаммы R. radiobacter 204, L. nimipressuralis CCM 32-3 и P. polymyxa П. Выявлено, что применение комплекса микробных препаратов (КМП) для обработки семян способствовало достоверному возрастанию скорости, энергии прорастания и всхожести на 22,5 %, 49,0 % и 7,0 % соответственно по сравнению с контролем. Показано, что численность КОЕ эпифитных микроорганизмов семян нигеллы дамасской достигает 25 тыс. КОЕ/г семян. Наибольшая численность среди микроорганизмов, населяющих карпосферу нигеллы, отмечена для стрептомицетов, их количество достигает 21,4 тыс. КОЕ/г семян, а меньше всего -представителей спорообразующих бактерий и микромицетов: 0,5 и 0,3 тыс. КОЕ/г семян соответственно. Ключевые слова: микробные препараты, нигелла дамасская (Nigella damascena L.), посевные качества семян, эпифитная микрофлора.Введение Нигелла (Nigella L.) или чернушка -однолетнее травянистое растение семейства лютиковые (Ranunculaceae). В настоящее время культура привлекает к себе внимание благодаря широкому спектру хозяйственно полезных свойств и приобретает все большее значение как эфиромасличное, лекарственное, пряно-ароматическое и декоративное растение [1, 2]. В семенах чернушки накапливается до 40 % жирного масла, 0,5-1,9 % эфирного масла, аминокислоты, витамины, белки, углеводы и минералы [3][4][5][6]. Благодаря широкому спектру содержащихся в растении полезных веществ культуру можно использовать в пищевой b косметической отраслях промышленности, а также в
An initial assessment of new strains of phosphate-mobilizing bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of cereals was carried out in the laboratory. According to the results of the quantitative evaluation of the phosphate solubilizing activity of bacteria, we found that 12 strains have the greatest ability to transform Ca3(PO4)2 into a soluble form. The highest Кr value was noted for strain 0613: the coefficient of phosphate solubilizing activity – 10. The maximum content of soluble (212 mg/l P2O5) phosphorus was in the culture liquid of strain 1702.
Isolation and screening of strains with increased phosphate-dissolving activity are necessary stages of research on the intensification of phosphorus nutrition of plants by pre-sowing inoculation of seeds with effective microorganisms. The purpose of the research was to study the phosphate-dissolving activity of newly isolated bacterial strains and their effect on the sowing qualities of winter wheat seeds. Phosphate-mobilizing bacteria were isolated in 2014–2019 from the сhernozem southern sampled in the fields of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour Agro-Industrial College – structural unit of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Laboratory studies were carried out in 2019–2020 in the Department of Agricultural Microbiology of the Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea. The isolation of strains of soil phosphate-mobilizing bacteria was carried out based on the appearance of a clear zone around the colonies on agarized glucose-aspartic (GA) medium supplemented with Ca3(PO4)2. The coefficient of specific phosphate-dissolving activity (Kr) of the strains was calculated according to the method of I. M. Malinovskaya. The quantitative assessment of the phosphate-dissolving activity of bacteria in a liquid medium (P2O5 content) was determined by the colorimetric method. High Kr is typical for the predominant part of the studied strains (22 or 81.5 %). The highest Kr value (10) was noted for strain 0613. Twelve (44 %) strains demonstrated the highest ability to transform Ca3(PO4)2 into a soluble form. The maximum content of P2O5 (212 mg/l) was observed in the culture fluid of strain 1702. When winter wheat seeds were inoculated with strains 0890 and 1702, germination increased by 8–9 %. The same was with germination energy; it also increased compared to control (water) by 2.5 and 7.5 %, respectively. The use of strain 1303 contributed to a significant increase in the energy and germination rate of seeds: by 34.5, 6 and 5.6 %, respectively, compared to control. The strains provided a significant increase in the weight of seedlings compared to control: by 29 % – the reference strain; by 32, 38 and 29 % – newly isolated 0735, 1204, 1701, respectively.
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