Dans les années 60 et 70, les syndicats, sensibles aux importantes discriminations légales entre les nouveaux venus et les ouvriers français, se battent pour que soit accordée à tous les mêmes droits sociaux et syndicaux. Mais avec l'arrêt de l'immigration, l'installation définitive des travailleurs étrangers, la crise de l'emploi qui redouble dans les années 80..., les enjeux syndicaux vont se modifier. D'autant plus que les luttes à mener sont plus complexes car elles se heurtent souvent à des discriminations plus larvées, à un racisme quotidien difficile à prouver et à une précarisation généralisée dont les travailleurs étrangers sont les premières victimes.
The Intercultural Relations in the City : Between Fictions and Mutations
Sophie BODY-GENDROT and Véronique DE RUDDER
In France, as in the United States or in the United Kingdom, according to an already worn out rhetoric, the conflation of « neighbourhoods in crisis » and of social pathologies is expressed in stereotyped discourses reinforcing the joint stigmatisation of segregated residential spaces and of their residents. The impact of economic restructuring and of globalization produces however contradictory outputs on the formation of identities, such as the fragmentation and the fluidity of their daily expression in local interactions and the hardening of more general, national, even civilisational identifications. As boundaries and social cleavages crystallize, the disadvantaged populations from bleak areas are involved into stakes around social hierarchies revealed throughout interethnic and racial conflicts.
Public policies related to these urban spaces vary according to national traditions and administrative choices and the intervention of the state, in particular, may be rather different. They converge in the three concerned countries, however, in the use of minor, sometimes inadequate, and often contradictory tools to treat major cases of economic and social collapse, while hardly offering any solution allowing a genuine revamping of the status of such spaces nor a real socio-political integration of their residents.
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