RESUMO -Objetivou-se avaliar a produção de forragem e a composição morfológica de uma pastagem de coastcross (Cynodon dactylon, cv. Coastcross) consorciada com amendoim forrageiro (Arachis pintoi, cv. Amarillo) com e sem adubação nitrogenada e submetida a pastejo com lotação continua. Utilizou-se um delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso com parcelas subdivididas no tempo, com duas repetições, para avaliação das seguintes combinações: coastcross + amendoim forrageiro + 200 kg/ha de N; coastcross + amendoim forrageiro + 100 kg/ha de N; coastcross + 200 kg/ha de N e coastcross + amendoim forrageiro. Para estimar a disponibilidade de massa de forragem e a produção de forragem, foram usadas as técnicas da dupla amostragem e do triplo emparelhamento, respectivamente, a cada 28 dias. Foram avaliadas as proporções de gramínea, leguminosas, invasoras, solo descoberto e liteira. O material da dupla amostragem foi separado em lâmina foliar, bainha+colmo e material morto. A massa de forragem foi menor na pastagem sem adubação com nitrogênio e maior na pastagem adubada com nitrogênio (200 kg/ha) sem amendoim forrageiro. A pastagem sem adubação foi a que apresentou a maior massa de amendoim forrageiro. A produção de forragem foi maior nas pastagens adubadas com nitrogênio na dose de 200 kg/ha, seguidas da pastagem adubada com 100 kg de N/ha. A taxa de acúmulo de forragem seguiu a mesma tendência da produção de forragem. Não foram observadas diferenças para solo descoberto, liteira e área descoberta entre as combinações avaliadas, Forage in the following seasons: winter, spring, summer and autumn. To estimate the forage mass production availability, the double sampling and triple pairing technique, respectively, every 28 days was used. The proportions of grass, legumes, weeds, uncovered soil and litter were evaluated. The material from the double sampling technique was separated into leaf blade, stem + sheath and dead material fractions. Regarding of forage availability, the pasture submitted to treatment without nitrogen had the lower mass, while that submitted to 200 kg/ha of nutrient without the presence of legume had the highest forage mass. For the peanut forage mass, the pasture without fertilization presented the best result. The forage production was higher in pastures submitted to treatment with 200 kg of N/ha followed by that fertilized with 100 kg of N/ha. The grass accumulation rate followed the same trend of forage production. No difference were observed for uncovered soil, litter and uncovered area between treatments; however, the pasture submitted to the dose of 200 kg of N/ha without legume presented lower incidence of invasive plants. No differences were observed for the leaf/stem ratio, leaves mass and dead material mass between treatments; however, the grass submitted to 200 kg of N/ha without legume presented the greatest stems mass.
RESUMONeste estudo foram utilizados os tratamentos: coastcross + amendoim forrageiro + 200kg/ha de N; coastcross + amendoim forrageiro + 100kg/ha de N; coastcross + 200kg/ha de N e coastcross + amendoim forrageiro (parcelas) no inverno, primavera, verão e outono (sub parcelas), delineados em blocos ao acaso. Novilhas foram manejadas sob lotação contínua e taxa de lotação variável em pastagem mantida a 17cm de altura. Amostras foram coletadas a cada 28 dias para determinar o valor nutritivo da forragem. Foram avaliados: ganho médio diário (GMD), ganho de peso vivo (GPV), taxa de lotação (TL) e número de animais dia (NAD). Quanto ao valor nutritivo da forragem, os piores resultados ocorreram nas pastagens sem adubação, 16,9% e 6,0% de PB de folha e colmo, respectivamente, e 70,1 % de FDN de folha. Na primavera e no verão, o GMD foi mais alto, 0,518 e 0,515kg/animal do que no inverno e outono, 0,396 e 0,293kg/animal, respectivamente. A TL foi superior nas pastagens que receberam a maior dose de nitrogênio, 5,38UA/ha em média, e no verão, 6,81UA/ha. O GPV foi mais elevado nas áreas com adubação, 1341kg de PV/ha, em relação aos pastos não adubados, 735kg/ha.
SUMMARYPlants’ ability to rebuild their tiller population is affected by weather changes and management strategies. The hypothesis of the present study was that frequency and severity of defoliation alter Mulato grass (Brachiaria ruziziensis × Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu) sward development, and the proportion of aerial and basal tillers, interfering with sward stability. The objective was to evaluate aerial, basal and total tiller population density and changes in tillering dynamics. Treatments corresponded to strategies of rotational grazing characterized by combinations between two pre-grazing (95% and maximum canopy light interception during regrowth; LI95% and LIMax) and two post-grazing conditions (15 and 20 cm stubble height). The experimental period comprised four seasons of the year: summer 2008 (February–March 2008); autumn–early spring (April to mid-November 2008); late spring (mid-November–December 2008); and summer 2009 (January–March 2009). Density of aerial tillers decreased from summer 2008 to late spring. Tiller death decreased from summer 2008 to autumn–early spring. Aerial and total tiller death increased from late spring to summer 2009, mainly for the LI95% treatment. No differences were observed in the tiller population stability index of aerial tillers for LI treatments or post-grazing heights. The balance between tiller appearance and death for basal tillers remained relatively stable from summer 2008 to late spring. For aerial tillers the balance decreased to negative values from summer 2008 to autumn–early spring for both LI treatments. For total tiller population, the balance decreased to negative values from summer 2008 to autumn–early spring. Results indicated a strong seasonal effect on Mulato grass tillering and growth. Tillering dynamics were affected primarily by grazing frequency, which changed the relative importance of basal and aerial tillers. The results suggested that basal tillering was the predominant perennation pathway.
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