There is an increasing pessimism on the role of state as the guardian of environmental livelihood due to the recurring of environmental disasters. Moving to a new global environmental governance seems inevitable due to the importance of economic development and social justice within the classical definition of environmental diplomacy.By using the case of “greening ASEAN Way” and the establishment of Indonesia’s peat restoration agency, this article attempted to reinvigorate environmental diplomacy using English School theoretical framework. This research obtained primary data from semi-structured interview with Indonesian officials in Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Peat Restoration Agency as well as from the observation of the implementation of peatland restoration in Indonesia.This research has three conclusions. Firstly, Indonesia is an important actor in the mitigation of many regional and global environmental issues including forest fires and transboundary haze. Secondly, the ratification of ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution and the establishment of peat restoration agency are part of the reinvigoration of Indonesia environmental diplomacy. Lastly, Indonesia’s reformed environmental diplomacy still faced problem on the relationship between central government and local government.

The EU’s decision to exclude palm oil as renewable energy in the Renewable Energy Directive II (RED) faced critics and protest from Indonesia and Malaysia. However, the EU argued that the expansion of palm oil has direct link with deforestation and degradation of forest. This research is eager to understand the dynamic of the European Union environmental diplomacy in the case study of the EU-Indonesia palm oil dispute. This research found that the dynamic of the EU environmental diplomacy in the case study of the EU-Indonesia palm oil dispute has three phases namely the low-carbon economy, the EU green leadership and the EU-Indonesia trade war.

This research discussed the opportunities for Indonesia to act as humble-hard power in South China Sea dispute. Permanent Court of Arbitration’s decision in July 2016 to give South China Sea based on UNCLOS’s regulation has provoked China’s objection. This research question is on how to understand the conception of humble-hard power and the possibility for Indonesia to be humble-hard power in the South China Sea dispute? This article borrowed the concept of humble-hard power from Adam Nieves Johnson. This research shows two findings. First, the recent victory of the Philippines’ case in the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) should be opportunities for Indonesia to play his role as humble-hard power. Secondly, following the announcement of the ruling, there were already signs that the Chinese government was looking for more detailed the implementation of humble-hard power with Indonesia.

AbstrakDengan kontribusi sebesar 30-60% Pendapatan Domestik Bruto dari negara-negara ASEAN, usaha AbstractAccounting for 30-60% of GDP of ASEAN member states and the largest source of employment for all economic actors, small medium enterprises is a very important economic actor in Southeast Asia. The SME sector in ASEAN, however, is confronted with a wide-range of structural, financial and other challenges, among which are limited access to finance, technologies and markets. ASEAN has many important roles in developing SMEs. ASEAN institutions can guide, direct, and fund many development programmes related to SMEs. Moreover, AEC, a new set of regional liberalization package, will have important consequences to SMEs' growth in the ASEAN member states. Therefore this paper will ask the impact of AEC to SMEs in ASEAN member states using English School Theory. It also asks the role of ASEAN in promoting SME development toward AEC. In this paper, interview and content analysis will do as the main data source. This paper concluded that ASEAN has developed a comprehensive empowerment plan through Strategic Action Plan for ASEAN SME Development but lack of coordination between ASEAN institutions has hindered the full implementation of the plan.

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Indonesia has the largest area of mangrove forest in the world and Indonesia has the responsibility to protect mangrove forest as part of global community in combatting greenhouse gas. However, it is still confusing the strategy in protecting Indonesia’s mangrove forest. Mangrove forest in Indonesia has been degraded rapidly due to government’s plan changing the status of mangrove forest into commercial areas. Mangrove forest has significant economic value for government and local community due to its location and woods. This research aimed to criticize government’s strategy in protecting mangrove by reconstructing Indonesia’s mangrove diplomacy. The research method is case studies of mangrove rehabilitation in Jakarta and Bali. Primary data is obtained using direct observation in Pulau Tidung Kecil, Jakarta and Bali’s mangrove forest park. This research finds that the reconstruction of Indonesia’s mangrove diplomacy need more voice from local governments, eco-business and civil society.  Keywords: Mangrove forest, diplomacy, foreign policy, Indonesia ABSTRAKIndonesia memiliki hutan mangrove terluas di dunia dan Indonesia memiliki tanggung jawab untuk melindungi hutan mangrove sebagai bagian dari masyarakat dunia dalam mengatasi masalah gas rumah kaca. Permasalahan yang dihadapi adalah strategi perlindungan hutan mangrove Indonesia tidak jelas. Hutan mangrove Indonesia mengalami kerusakan sangat cepat akibat dari kebijakan Pemerintah Indonesia mengubah status hutan mangrove menjadi area komersial. Hutan mangrove memiliki nilai ekonomi yang strategis bagi masyarakat lokal dan pemerintah. Penelitian ini berusaha mengkritisi strategi pemerintah dalam melindungi hutan mangrove melalui rekonstruksi diplomasi mangrove Indonesia. Metode penelitian ini adalah metode studi kasus dengan mengambil studi rehabilitasi mangrove di Jakarta dan Bali. Data primer diperoleh dari observasi langsung di Pulau Tidung Kecil di Jakarta dan hutan mangrove di Bali. Penelitian ini berkesimpulan bahwa rekonstruksi diplomasi mangrove Indonesia perlu memerlukan peran lebih besar bagi pemerintahan lokal, bisnis hijau dan masyarakat sipil.Kata-kata kunci: Hutan mangrove, diplomasi, kebijakan luar negeri, Indonesia

AbstrakPaper ini berusaha menjelaskan relevansi antara kebijakan sanksi Uni Eropa dan kebijakan constructive engagement ASEAN. Teori NPE yang dikemukakan oleh Ian Manner ini menjadi pisau analisis yang efektif untuk menjelaskan kebijakan sanksi Uni Eropa. Artikel ini akan mengelaborasi argumentasi Thomas Diez yang menekankan refleksi identitas Uni Eropa sebagai elemen utama teori NPE. Dalam penelitian ini akan dikaji pembentukan identitas UE yang dihadapkan berlawanan dengan ASEAN. Perubahan yang terjadi Myanmar akhir-akhir ini menjadi dasar bagi UE untuk menunda sanksi. Ini menjadi pertanyaan yang menarik karena berbagai laporan dari lembaga swadaya masyarakat internasional justru menunjukkan reformasi yang terjadi di Myanmar lemah dan tidak berkelanjutan. ASEAN muncul menjadi mitra utama Myanmar dalam demokratisasi dan pembangungan hak asasi manusia di Myanmar. Keywords: Normative Power Europe, EU sanction, ASEAN, constructive engagement, Aung San Suu Kyi AbstractThis article attempted to explain the relevancy of European sanction policy and ASEAN's constructive engagement on Myanmar. In many case, normative power Europe theory which is pioneered by Ian Manners, has been an effective tool to explain the EU's sanction policy. In this article, it will emphasize Thomas Diez's postulation of the reflexivity of the EU's identity as the main aspect of NPE. Consequently, it will elaborate on how EU's identity is constructed against ASEAN who adopted constructive engagement. However, recent change in Myanmar has provoked the EU to postpone their sanction. It is puzzling because many reports from International Non-Government Organizations show that the reform in Myanmar is weak and unsustainable. ASEAN emerged as important partner for Myanmar in driving democratization and human rights regime construction in Myanmar.

The Malacca Strait, which has always been the world's most strategic trade route, has become the most frequently traversed by international ships. The potential for environmental pollution in the Malacca Strait is also enormous, especially pollution from ship waste in the form of liquid waste (water ballasts and hazardous toxic materials, or B3 liquid waste) and garbage from disposal during illegal ship washing. Bintan Island, which located close to the Malacca Strait, is one of the islands affected by foreign ship dumping, which avoids sanctions throughout Indonesia, such as Malaysia and Singapore, which require every incoming vessel to be clean of waste. Regulations made by the Singapore government regarding the inspection of the ships of each ship resulted in the act of washing boats in the Malacca Strait. Cleaning and washing tanks and vessels in inappropriate areas can result in environmental pollution caused by wastewater in the form of water, oil, and plastic waste that is very damaging to the environment. The establishment of an exclusive zone for ships carrying out ship cleaning activities as well as anchored anchor locations can reduce environmental damage in the Malacca Strait. This study uses a qualitative method using an ecological approach to see how ecological problems caused by ships cause cross-border issues that threaten ecosystems in the Malacca Strait, specifically the Bintan Islands conservation area. The data used in the form of qualitative data collected through document studies, interviews, document analysis, focused discussions, and observations made.