Special Zone for Ship Washing in Transboundary Marine Pollution Reduction at Malaka Strait

Abstract

The Malacca Strait, which has always been the world's most strategic trade route, has become the most frequently traversed by international ships. The potential for environmental pollution in the Malacca Strait is also enormous, especially pollution from ship waste in the form of liquid waste (water ballasts and hazardous toxic materials, or B3 liquid waste) and garbage from disposal during illegal ship washing. Bintan Island, which located close to the Malacca Strait, is one of the islands affected by foreign ship dumping, which avoids sanctions throughout Indonesia, such as Malaysia and Singapore, which require every incoming vessel to be clean of waste. Regulations made by the Singapore government regarding the inspection of the ships of each ship resulted in the act of washing boats in the Malacca Strait. Cleaning and washing tanks and vessels in inappropriate areas can result in environmental pollution caused by wastewater in the form of water, oil, and plastic waste that is very damaging to the environment. The establishment of an exclusive zone for ships carrying out ship cleaning activities as well as anchored anchor locations can reduce environmental damage in the Malacca Strait. This study uses a qualitative method using an ecological approach to see how ecological problems caused by ships cause cross-border issues that threaten ecosystems in the Malacca Strait, specifically the Bintan Islands conservation area. The data used in the form of qualitative data collected through document studies, interviews, document analysis, focused discussions, and observations made.

Zoning System in Biodiversity Conservation and Marine Ecological Sustainability: An Emic Perspective of the Bajo People in Southeast Sulawesi

“…Meanwhile, from an ecological aspect, the exploitation of marine resources by modern fishers has had an impact on the destruction of marine and coastal ecosystems (Ahmed & Thompson, 2019). This occurs due to unlimited fishing activities with dangerous tools and materials; marine pollution by ship waste and oil spills; and industrialization in coastal areas causing large amounts of waste to enter the sea, such as cases of pollution in Jakarta bay (Azizi et al, 2021;Kunzmann et al, 2018), Malacca Strait (Robertua et al, 2019), metal pollution and Pb isotopes in seawater at the surface of Prigi Bay (Wijaya et al, 2019), pollution of plastic waste in the Coastal Water of Makassar City (Afdal et al, 2019), and various water pollution around other coastal cities (Sui et al, 2020). The exploitation of marine resources also negatively impacts the physical degradation of coastal ecosystems, such as damage to mangrove ecosystems, coral reefs, and coastal abrasion.…”