The Malacca Strait, which has always been the world's most strategic trade route, has become the most frequently traversed by international ships. The potential for environmental pollution in the Malacca Strait is also enormous, especially pollution from ship waste in the form of liquid waste (water ballasts and hazardous toxic materials, or B3 liquid waste) and garbage from disposal during illegal ship washing. Bintan Island, which located close to the Malacca Strait, is one of the islands affected by foreign ship dumping, which avoids sanctions throughout Indonesia, such as Malaysia and Singapore, which require every incoming vessel to be clean of waste. Regulations made by the Singapore government regarding the inspection of the ships of each ship resulted in the act of washing boats in the Malacca Strait. Cleaning and washing tanks and vessels in inappropriate areas can result in environmental pollution caused by wastewater in the form of water, oil, and plastic waste that is very damaging to the environment. The establishment of an exclusive zone for ships carrying out ship cleaning activities as well as anchored anchor locations can reduce environmental damage in the Malacca Strait. This study uses a qualitative method using an ecological approach to see how ecological problems caused by ships cause cross-border issues that threaten ecosystems in the Malacca Strait, specifically the Bintan Islands conservation area. The data used in the form of qualitative data collected through document studies, interviews, document analysis, focused discussions, and observations made.
Terorisme merupakan kejahatan internasional yang bersifat lintas batas negara dan menjadi perhatian dunia. Semua negara termasuk Indonesia berupaya untuk menanggulangi masalah terorisme demi menjaga keamanan nasional dan warga negaranya. Berbagai upaya dilakukan pemerintah Indonesia untuk mencegah aksi terorisme di negara ini. Wilayah Indonesia yang sangat luas dan berbatasan langsung dengan negara lain baik di darat maupun laut, membuat peluang masuknya teroris ke Indonesia menjadi sangat besar. Itu sebabnya artikel ini akan melihat peran imigrasi sebagai penjaga pintu perbatasan dalam upaya pencegahan masuknya teroris ke wilayah Indonesia. Artikel ini menggunakan konsep keamanan nasional dan tri fungsi imigrasi untuk menganalisa peran kantor imigrasi di Tahuna di Kepulauan Sangihe, Sulawesi Utara dalam mencegah terorisme di wilayah perbatasan. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer melalui wawancara dan data sekunder melalui berbagai literatur yang kemudian ditriangulasi, serta metodologi penelitian kualitatif dengan model studi kasus yang bersifat dekriptif analisis. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa dalam upaya pencegahan terorisme, kantor imigrasi Tahuna masih bekerja secara singular dan karenanya membutuhkan kordinasi secara sirkuler di dalam kantor imigrasi itu sendiri dan dengan instansi dan lembaga terkait lainnya dalam pemberantasan terorisme di Indonesia yang terkait fungsi imigrasi.
The Malacca Strait, which has always been the most strategic world trade route. The majority of foreign vessels crossing the Malacca Strait transit at the Port of Singapore. The potential of environmental pollution in the Malacca Strait area is also very large, especially the pollution from vessel waste resulting from the operational activities of vessels in the form of liquid waste and garbage dumped in vain and the washing of vessels illegally. The operational activities of foreign ships in violation of international treaties and Indonesian law often occur in Indonesian coastal areas. Indonesian waters were victims of foreign vessels who carried out illegal activities in order to reduce operational costs and avoid sanctions from the port authorities and the Singapore's sincerity which required that every vessel to be anchored in Singapore's port was clean from waste. Regulations made by the Singapore Government encourage illegal ship laundering and waste disposal in the Straits of Malacca. The supervision of severe penalties against each vessel that crosses and violates the rules, and the establishment of a special zone of vessel cleaning in the Straits of Malacca can reduce environmental damage. This research uses qualitative methods using rational choice and institutional approach in environmental view to see how environmental problems caused by vessel waste occurred and cause cross border problems threatening ecosystem in the Straits of Malacca, especially the Indonesian water area. Data used in the form of qualitative data are collected through document studies, interviews, document analysis, focused discussions, and observations made.
The Strait of Hormuz lies between the Persian Gulf and the Oman Gulf and is the only sea route connecting the Arabian Sea to the Indian Ocean. It is a trading route that strategically brings energy from the Middle East to many countries worldwide. Accordingly, the United States (US) and Iran have shared interests in the strait and play a central role in maintaining its stability. Unfortunately, since 1979, the US and Iran have been involved in a conflict. The tensions between the two peaked after the US left the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), which specifically discussed the Iran nuclear deal. As a result, the security of the Strait of Hormuz has been disrupted by various Iranian attacks on merchant ships and Iran’s threats to close the strait. This study explains the impact of the US-Iran conflictual relations on the strait’s stability. It uses the concepts of conflict of interest and maritime security with a qualitative research method and case studies based on primary and secondary data. This article concludes that although the US and Iran have common interests, their conflictual relations have disrupted maritime stability and affected the supply and world oil prices. Keywords: United States, Iran, Shared Interest, Strait of Hormuz Selat Hormuz yang terletak di antara Teluk Persia dan Teluk Oman merupakan satu-satunya jalur menuju Laut Arab dan Samudra Hindia. Selat ini bernilai srategis karena menjadi jalur perdagangan yang membawa energi dari kawasan Timur Tengah ke berbagai negara di seluruh dunia. Karena nilai strategis tersebut, Amerika Serikat (AS) dan Iran sama-sama berkepentingan terhadap selat Hormuz dan berusaha memainkan peran sentral dalam menjaga stabilitas keamanan selat tersebut. Sayangnya, sejak tahun 1979, AS-Iran berkonflik dan ketegangan di antara keduanya memuncak paska AS keluar dari Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) yang membahas khusus kesepakatan nuklir Iran. Akibatnya, keamanan Selat Hormuz terganggu dengan berbagai serangan Iran terhadap kapal dagang milik negara-negara pengguna Selat Hormuz dan ancaman Iran untuk menutup Selat Hormuz. Oleh karenanya, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan dampak konflik AS-Iran terhadap stabilitas dan keamanan Selat Hormuz. Penelitian ini menggunakan konsep benturan kepentingan dan keamanan maritim dengan metode penelitian kualitatif berupa studi kasus berbasis data primer dan sekunder. Dari data yang diperoleh, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa walaupun AS dan Iran memiliki kepentingan yang sama, namun hubungan konfliktual di antara mereka telah mengakibatkan stabilitas keamanan maritim di kawasan terganggu dan mempengaruhi pasokan serta harga minyak dunia. Kata-kata kunci: Amerika Serikat, Iran, Kepentingan Bersama, Selat Hormuz
This study aims to explain the strategies taken by two major countries in the region, China and India, in overcoming border disputes in the Aksai Chin region. By using rational choice theory to explain the behavior of India and China and the reasons why they choose to use non-confrontational strategies. The research methodology used is qualitative with a case study model to analyze the policies of the two countries. The results of the study found that despite different views regarding Aksai Chin, the two countries both built trust and were committed that the border dispute would not affect their bilateral relationship as a whole. India and China have opted for a strategy of optimizing mutual benefits over purely national interests. It can be concluded that the two countries chose to take a non-confrontational policy in the border dispute in Aksai Chin as a rational choice in times of crisis based on the optimal benefits that can be obtained by both countries. Keywords: Aksai Chin, border dispute, India-China, non-confrontational policy, rational choice
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