Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is a petroleum derivative capable of inducing cancer in human
and animals. In this work, under laboratory conditions, we analyzed the responses of
Colossoma macropomum to B[a]P acute exposure through
intraperitoneal injection of four different B[a]P concentrations (4, 8, 16 and 32
μmol/kg) or corn oil (control group). We analyzed expression of the
ras oncogene and the Hypoxia-inducible factor-1
alpha (hif-1α) gene using quantitative real-time PCR.
Additionally, liver histopathological changes and genotoxic effects were evaluated
through the comet assay. Ras oncogene was overexpressed in fish
exposed to 4, 8 of 16 μmol/kg B[a]P, showing 4.96, 7.10 and 6.78-fold increases,
respectively. Overexpression also occurred in hif-1α in fish
injected with 4 and 8 μmol/kg B[a]P, showing 8.82 and 4.64-fold increases,
respectively. Histopathological damage in fish liver was classified as irreparable in
fish exposed to 8, 16 and 32 μmol/kg μM B[a]P. The genotoxic damage increased in fish
injected with 8 and 16 μmol/kg in comparison with the control group. Acute exposure
of B[a]P was capable to interrupt the expression of ras oncogene and
hif-1α, and increase DNA breaks due to tissue damage.
The effects of temperature and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) changes on different haematological parameters and enzymes activities such as on LDH (Lactate de Hydrogenase), MDH (Malate de Hydrogenase) & GST (Glutathione-STransferase) were studied in the liver and skeletal muscles of Tambaqui fish (Collosoma macropomum, Cuvier, 1818) in the Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution (LEEM) of the National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA). The experimental procedures involved the exposure of fish to temperature rise from 28Cº to 32Cº and an increased in CO 2 concentration up to 10 times higher than the current levels for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. The levels of LDH, GST and MDH in both the tissues of Tambaqui (Muscles & Liver) showed a significant decreased at different along the different exposure periods. The levels of plasma glucose in blood decreased and the values of Hb, Ht, RBC, VCM, and HCM & CHCM showed increased after the exposure.
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