Poly(phosphoeter)s (PPE)s are a class of polymers possessing a high chemical functionality and biodegradability. Novel, glutamic acid based poly(phosphoeter)s were synthesized by the Steglich reaction. The developed synthetic approach allows controlling the composition and the structure of PPEs, and therefore their physical and colloidal properties. The studies on solubilization and cytotoxicity in vitro proved the potential of PPEs for drug delivery applications.
Vaccination is one of the main methods for the specific prevention of infectious diseases. The disadvantage of vaccination is the use of pathogens (live or attenuated viruses and bacteria) that can lead to the development of a disease. Recombinant technologies are capable of producing specific DNA or protein molecules that possess antigenic properties and do not cause disease. However, individual antigen molecules are low-immunogenic, and therefore, require conjugation with a compound possessing stronger immunogenic properties. In this study, we examined the immunogenic properties of the new anionic copolymer consisting of glycidyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and acrylic acid, in mice. The experimental polymer induced a stronger immunogenic response than aluminum hydroxide. The histological studies have established that immunization both with aluminum hydroxide and the polymer studied does not cause damage to the liver, kidneys, or the spleen. No negative side effects were observed. It has been concluded that the new synthetic anionic polyelectrolyte hydrogel (PHG) has a potential as an adjuvant for vaccine development.
The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of feed additive that contains hop cones, vitamin E, choline, methionine and carnitine in the treatment of subclinical ketosis in transition dairy cows. Twenty multiparous dairy cows with a milk yield > 5000 kg in the previous lactation were used after calving in this experiment. The cows were divided into two groups: control -healthy cow (n = 10) and experimental -cows with subclinical ketosis (n = 10). The subclinical ketosis cows received a feed additive containing ground pellets of hop cones -20 g, alpha-tocopherol -3 g, rumen protected choline -20 g, methionine -20 g and L-carnitine -1 g per head per day for 20 days. Blood samples were collected from the tail (coccygeal) vein before morning feeding on 1 st and 20 th days of experiment. Levels of glucose and β-hydroxybutyrate ketone were determined in blood. Insulin and cortisol were measured in the plasma. Total protein, albumin, urea nitrogen, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were measured in serum. In the urine, ketone bodies were detected. The results obtained showed that the subclinical ketosis cows before treatment had a β-hydroxybutyrate level decreased by 36% and also glucose level was lower than healthy ones. After treatment, levels of glucose, insulin and cortisol increased by 31 %, 22 % and 15% respectively in subclinical ketosis animals. The feed additive also has a hepatoprotective properties as serum albumin level increased, while urea nitrogen level decreased in comparison to the healthy cows. However, these changes are superimposed on the natural physiological changes that occur in the blood parameters during the first few weeks after calving, as the healthy cows that did not receive feed additives showed unidirectional changes but less pronounced. On conclusion, the proposed feed additive can be used in the treatment and prevention of subclinical ketosis.
Antisense-DNA technologies are new strategy for the treatment of prion infections. This strate gy requires prolonged administrations of the drugs, which are likely to alter cell redox processes. Aim. The evaluation of cell survival and intensity of oxidative processes in vitro under the influence of antisense-oligodeoxynucleotides (asODNs) as cell prion inhibitors (PrP C ) complexed with cationic polyelectrolyte. Methods. Free diffusion in agarose gel, study of cytotoxic action on model cells (bull semen), polarography and potentiometric measurement of oxygen uptake, statistical analysis. Results. Poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) [-]based surfactants form complexes with asODNs. Polyethylene glycol containing surfactants increase oxygen uptake by cells: by 18 % (VI), by 37 % (IV) and 2.6-fold for V. An addition of the IV-asODNs complex into [the] cell medium did not affect the oxygen absorption; however, it increased reduction processes. Interpolyelectrolyte complex V-asODNs increased the cell respiration by 1.95 times. VI separately increased the cell absorption of oxygen by 18 % and in the complex with asODNs -by 36 %. VI possessed the lowest cytotoxicity. Conclusions. New cationic polyelectrolytes form complexes with asODNs. VI causes the smallest effect on the RedOx processes of model cells and possesses the lowest cytotoxic effect. K e y w o r d s: antisense oligodeoxynucleotides, polyelectrolyte complexes, cytotoxicity, redox processes, prion.
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