Background: The integrated approach towards the oral care of individuals with special needs requires proper motivation and prophylactic guidance by primary health care professionals, including musculoskeletal support to psychological therapy. In developing countries like India, oral care is not of primary importance as oral hygiene practices are less performed by compromised individuals suffering from hemophilia. Here, primary health care professionals play a significant role. The present study was commenced to evaluate oral health and treatment necessities in hemophilic individuals of Davangere population, Karnataka. Objective: The present study was conducted to assess and compare the oral hygiene, dentition status, and treatment needs of individuals with hemophilia. Methods: Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), decayed, missed, filled tooth (DMFT) indices and treatment needs in 50 hemophiliac patients registered at Karnataka hemophilia society were evaluated along with an Oral health-related quality of life (OHR-QoL) questionnaire. They were matched with healthy controls of the same age and gender. The data was analyzed using t test and Chi square test. Results: The oral hygiene was fair in both hemophilic and healthy individuals with a mean value of 1.82 ± 0.79 and 1.83 ± 0.73, respectively. All the parameters such as OHIS, DMFT indices, and teatment needs were not statistically significant. The spontaneous oral bleeding was the only significant factor in OHR-Qol questionnaire. Conclusion: The present study concluded that oral hygiene, dental caries prevalence, and treatment needs were similar in both hemophiliac and control groups. With proper guidance, motivation, and preventive care by primary health care professionals, it was relatively easy for individuals with congenital blood disorder (CBD) to maintain oral health-related quality of life in Davangere population, Karnataka.

Background: The gender testimony is of vital importance in forensic science when only craniofacial fragments are only the remains. Mandible exhibits a high level of distinct position among the genders. Different studies have well proved that mandible shows the gender dimorphism in many morphological features such as mandible height, gonial angle, bigonial width, and bicondylar width. The anatomical position of mental foramen can also be used to differentiate between gender and such skeleton metric analysis done on radiographs is found to be of more accuracy. Aim: This study was conducted to assess the precision of mental foramen as a landmark for gender differentiation. Materials and Methods: Three hundred panoramic radiographs were selected for mental foramen analysis. Distance from the tangential line drawn to basal bone mandible to tangential line drawn to upper and lower borders of mental foramen on bilateral sides was measured and recorded. The data cataloged were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: The distance between mental foramen to basal bone of mandible was more in male than that to females on the bilateral aspect, which was statistically significant. Conclusion: Mental foramen can be considered as a radiographic landmark to determine gender in the West Bengal population of India.

Introduction: The morphometric variations seen in the orbital aperture play a significant role in forensic anthropology, for determining the personal and gender identification, especially in case of mass disasters. Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the orbital aperture dimensions along with interorbital distance as observed on posteroanterior (PA) cephalograms for personal and gender identification. Materials and Methods: The present retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the morphometric dimensions of orbital aperture seen on PA cephalogram taken using PLANMECA digital machine and ROMEXIS software. The height and width of the orbits along with the interorbital distance were measured using measuring tools in the accompanying software. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21.0. Results: All the linear measurements such as orbital height, orbital width, and interorbital distance were significantly greater in males than females in the North Indian population with P = 0.001. The present study found 84.8% accuracy after subjecting the obtained value to discriminant function analysis. Conclusion: The morphometric analysis of the orbital aperture using postero-anterior cephalogram can be used as an adjuvant for personal and gender identification in forensic anthropology.

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Context: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is an insidious, chronic, disabling disease that mainly affects the oral mucosa. Spirulina is a freshwater microalga which is considered as superfood by the WHO. Due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulating properties, spirulina has shown promising results in the management of OSMF. A wide range of treatment modalities have been tried ranging from medical, physical, or surgical interventions, but combinations of these have shown better results. Aims: The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of spirulina along with different physiotherapeutic modalities in the management of OSMF. Setting and Design: The present comparative study was conducted in the Department of Oral medicine and radiology, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, India. The block randomization technique was used in the present study to enroll patients into three different groups. Methods: The study consisted of 45 OSMF patients who were divided randomly into three groups. All patients were given spirulina 500 mg twice a day for 3 months. Group A patients were instructed to perform isometric mouth exercises for 20 min, twice daily. Group B patients and Group C patients perform exercises using threaded tapered screw and mouth stretching device (MSD), respectively, ten times bilaterally twice a day. Clinical parameters such as burning sensation, mouth opening, tongue protrusion, and cheek flexibility were assessed every 15 days. Statistical Analysis Used: Descriptive data that included mean, numbers, and percentages were calculated for each group and were used for analysis. For intra- and inter-group comparison, paired t- and unpaired t -test was used, respectively. For all the tests, P = 0.05 or less was considered for statistical significance. Results and Conclusion: All the groups have shown statistically significant improvement in burning sensation, mouth opening, tongue protrusion, and cheek flexibility ( P < 0.05). Group C patients have shown better results followed by Group B and Group A patients. In the present study, spirulina along with different physiotherapeutic modalities was well tolerated by the patients, and significant improvement was seen in the MSD group.

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Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic inflammatory, potentially malignant oral disorder. Spirulina with its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulating properties has shown promising results in the management of OSMF. Few studies involving isometric exercises are stated in literature as physiotherapy modalities for OSMF. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of spirulina with isometric exercises in the management of OSMF. Materials and Methods: A study consisted of 15 clinically diagnosed OSMF patients. All patients were given spirulina 500 mg twice a day for 3 months. Patients were instructed to perform isometric mouth exercises for 20 min, twice daily. Patients were evaluated every 15 days for the assessment of clinical parameters. Results were analyzed with SPSS software. Results: There was a significant reduction in burning sensation (59%) and increment of 3.2 mm in mouth opening with P = 0.001. The present study also showed significant improvement in cheek flexibility and tongue protrusion (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Spirulina along with isometric exercises was well tolerated by patients. All the clinical parameters (burning sensation, mouth opening, tongue protrusion, and cheek flexibility) showed a statistically significant improvement. Thus, the present combined modality was non-invasive, cost-effective, and beneficial in the management of OSMF.