Morphometric variations in sigmoid notch and condyle of the mandible: A retrospective forensic digital analysis in North Indian population

Assessment of Condylar Shape through Digital Panoramic Radiograph among Nepalese Population: A Proposal for Classification

“…The second most common shape seen in our study was flattened (8.76%) which was similar to the study by Nagaraj et al [15] (7.5%), quite higher among the studies by Singh and Chakrabarty [12] (19%) and Singh et al [17] (14%), quite lower in few of the studies by Singh et al [8] (2.85%), Maqbool et al [13] (2.58%), Kanjani et al [14] (2.62) but reported it to be the most common after diamond/angle shape, whereas studies done by Sonal et al [2], Khanal [7], Shaikh et al [9], Anisuzzaman et al [16], and Jawahar and Maragathavalli [11] did not mention about flattened shapes. The third most common shape seen in our study was diamond/angled (4.7%), which was similarly seen in other studies by Sonal et al [ 2] (9%), Singh et al [8] (3.2%), Shaikh et al [9] (4.8%), Anisuzzaman et al [16] (9%), and Jawahar and Maragathavalli [11] (9%), whereas it was quite high in the studies by Khanal [7] (22.64%), Singh and Chakrabarty [12] (28%), Kanjani et al [14] (29.29), Maqbool et al [13] (29.31%), and Singh et al [17] (30.33%). This could be attributed to the reason that these studies have included a bird beak shaped as one of the classification which was not included in our study as well as studies [2,8,9,11] similar to our study.…”

“…We found round/oval shape to be the highest prevalence (79%) in our population which was similarly high in studies done by Khanal (63.6%) [7], Sonal et al [2] (60%), Anisuzzaman et al [16] (60%), Maqbool et al [13] (60.6%), Jawahar and Maragathavalli [11] (58.5%), Shaikh et al [9] (50%), Kanjani et al [14] (46.12), Nagaraj et al [15] (142.8%), Singh and Chakrabarty [12] (41%), Singh et al [8] (35.4%), and Singh et al [17] (34.5%). The difference in percentage could be because our study included a very wide range of age group, i.e., as young as 11 years to >50 years of patients, which was not taken with any of the studies.…”

“…The second most common shape seen in our study was flattened (8.76%) which was similar to the study by Nagaraj et al [ 15 ] (7.5%), quite higher among the studies by Singh and Chakrabarty [ 12 ] (19%) and Singh et al [ 17 ] (14%), quite lower in few of the studies by Singh et al [ 8 ] (2.85%), Maqbool et al [ 13 ] (2.58%), Kanjani et al [ 14 ] (2.62) but reported it to be the most common after diamond/angle shape, whereas studies done by Sonal et al [ 2 ], Khanal [ 7 ], Shaikh et al [ 9 ], Anisuzzaman et al [ 16 ], and Jawahar and Maragathavalli [ 11 ] did not mention about flattened shapes.…”

“…The third most common shape seen in our study was diamond/angled (4.7%), which was similarly seen in other studies by Sonal et al [ 2 ] (9%), Singh et al [ 8 ] (3.2%), Shaikh et al [ 9 ] (4.8%), Anisuzzaman et al [ 16 ] (9%), and Jawahar and Maragathavalli [ 11 ] (9%), whereas it was quite high in the studies by Khanal [ 7 ] (22.64%), Singh and Chakrabarty [ 12 ] (28%), Kanjani et al [ 14 ] (29.29), Maqbool et al [ 13 ] (29.31%), and Singh et al [ 17 ] (30.33%). This could be attributed to the reason that these studies have included a bird beak shaped as one of the classification which was not included in our study as well as studies [ 2 , 8 , 9 , 11 ] similar to our study.…”

“…Two of the studies (second highest overall citation) followed different classification as rounded, angled, flattened, and mixed types of condyles [ 6 , 12 ]. The other two studies followed different classification as round, angled, flat, and convex [ 13 , 14 ]. One of the study used triangular, round, beak, and flat as classification of condyle [ 15 ].…”