Context: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is an insidious, chronic, disabling disease that mainly affects the oral mucosa. Spirulina is a freshwater microalga which is considered as superfood by the WHO. Due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulating properties, spirulina has shown promising results in the management of OSMF. A wide range of treatment modalities have been tried ranging from medical, physical, or surgical interventions, but combinations of these have shown better results. Aims: The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of spirulina along with different physiotherapeutic modalities in the management of OSMF. Setting and Design: The present comparative study was conducted in the Department of Oral medicine and radiology, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, India. The block randomization technique was used in the present study to enroll patients into three different groups. Methods: The study consisted of 45 OSMF patients who were divided randomly into three groups. All patients were given spirulina 500 mg twice a day for 3 months. Group A patients were instructed to perform isometric mouth exercises for 20 min, twice daily. Group B patients and Group C patients perform exercises using threaded tapered screw and mouth stretching device (MSD), respectively, ten times bilaterally twice a day. Clinical parameters such as burning sensation, mouth opening, tongue protrusion, and cheek flexibility were assessed every 15 days. Statistical Analysis Used: Descriptive data that included mean, numbers, and percentages were calculated for each group and were used for analysis. For intra- and inter-group comparison, paired t- and unpaired t -test was used, respectively. For all the tests, P = 0.05 or less was considered for statistical significance. Results and Conclusion: All the groups have shown statistically significant improvement in burning sensation, mouth opening, tongue protrusion, and cheek flexibility ( P < 0.05). Group C patients have shown better results followed by Group B and Group A patients. In the present study, spirulina along with different physiotherapeutic modalities was well tolerated by the patients, and significant improvement was seen in the MSD group.

Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic inflammatory, potentially malignant oral disorder. Spirulina with its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulating properties has shown promising results in the management of OSMF. Few studies involving isometric exercises are stated in literature as physiotherapy modalities for OSMF. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of spirulina with isometric exercises in the management of OSMF. Materials and Methods: A study consisted of 15 clinically diagnosed OSMF patients. All patients were given spirulina 500 mg twice a day for 3 months. Patients were instructed to perform isometric mouth exercises for 20 min, twice daily. Patients were evaluated every 15 days for the assessment of clinical parameters. Results were analyzed with SPSS software. Results: There was a significant reduction in burning sensation (59%) and increment of 3.2 mm in mouth opening with P = 0.001. The present study also showed significant improvement in cheek flexibility and tongue protrusion (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Spirulina along with isometric exercises was well tolerated by patients. All the clinical parameters (burning sensation, mouth opening, tongue protrusion, and cheek flexibility) showed a statistically significant improvement. Thus, the present combined modality was non-invasive, cost-effective, and beneficial in the management of OSMF.