Preeclampsia is a multisystem disorder involves altered homeostasis of oxidants-antioxidants, inflammatory process and endothelial dysfunction. The present study aim was to determine the levels of oxidative stress parameters (malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, ischemia modified albumin and xanthine oxidase), nutrient antioxidants (vitamin C and vitamin E), enzyme antioxidants (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase glutathione reductase), total antioxidant status (TAS) and its association with nitric oxide. The study population consists of three groups, non pregnants (Group 1, n = 57), normotensive pregnants (Group 2, n = 57) and Preeclampsia (Group 3, n = 57). Group 2 and 3 were followed after delivery within 48 h. In preeclampsia xanthine oxidase, malondialdehyde and uric acid levels were significantly increased ( < 0.001), while TAS decreased ( < 0.05) when compared to normotensive pregnant and non pregnant. Catalase, glutathione reductase levels were increased ( < 0.005) and vitamin E, super oxide dismutase levels were decreased ( < 0.001) in preeclampsia when compared to normal pregnants. Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis showed area under curve for xanthine oxidase (0.8), malondialdehyde (0.804), Uric acid (0.84), ischemia modified albumin (0.92) and catalase (0.88) which indicated as good markers in preeclampsia. Amongst, ischemia modified albumin is a better marker of intrauterine hypoxic reperfusion risk with sensitivity 87.7 % and specificity 91.2 %. The increased hydrogen peroxide from xanthine oxidase adds to oxidative stress and increased catalase activity in preeclampsia represents combating action. Increased oxidative stress, decreased TAS and its apparent reversible changes evinced within 48 h after delivery in preeclampsia illustrated that placental abnormality is the contributing factor in the pathogenesis.

Objective: Flavonoids from the crude seeds extract of Pongamia pinnata L., dried fruit powder of Morinda citrifolia L., bark of Mangifera indica L., and rhizome of Zingiber officinale Rosc. were screened for xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibition at different concentration. The inhibitory potential of quercetin and allopurinol were used for the determination of 50% inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) and K i values.Methods: Isolation of flavonoids from the plant extracts was processed by column chromatography and tested for XO inhibitory activity in the range of 6-800 µg/ml. Results:The results demonstrated that optimized flavonoids extract of P. pinnata L. exhibited promising XO inhibition. P. pinnata L., M. indica L., and Z. officinale Rosc. had IC 50 in the concentration of 8.74 mM, 1.09 mM, 5.4 mM and Ki 0.35 mM, 1.73 mM, 2.7 mM, respectively. Conclusion:The study showed that plant species under investigation exhibited XO inhibition by optimized flavonoid extract. P. pinnata L. indicated promising XO inhibition compared to other plant extracts. Flavonoids can be used as a potent inhibitor of XO an alternative to allopurinol.

Objective: The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the activity of phospholipase A 2 , plasma elastase enzymes and to assess relation with an inflammatory marker high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in nonpregnant before and after delivery of normotensive pregnant and preeclamptic women. Methods:The study population consists of three groups: Nonpregnant (Group 1, n=57), normotensive pregnant (Group 2, n=57), and pre-eclamptic women (Group 3, n=57). Groups 2 and 3 were followed after delivery within 48 hrs. Phospholipase A 2 , plasma elastase, and hs-CRP levels were determined spectrophotometrically. Results:The plasma elastase, phospholipase A 2 activity, and hs-CRP were elevated in pre-eclampsia significantly (p<0.05), nonsignificant rise in normotensive pregnant before delivery condition compared to nonpregnant women. However, plasma elastase in normal pregnancy and pre-eclampsia were decreased by 1.2-and 2.07-fold, respectively, after delivery. Whereas phospholipase A 2 and hs-CRP found to be nonsignificantly decreased in the postdelivery status of the both the groups. Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis showed that elastase enzyme has diagnostic importance to assess inflammation on the basis of area under curve (0.758). Conclusion:Our research findings generated knowledge about raised level of plasma elastase enzyme by neutrophil degranulation represents inflammation in pre-eclampsia. Elevated elastase, phospholipase A 2 with hs-CRP in pre-eclampsia serves as indicators of inflammation.

Placenta plays a key role in the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia. Placenta removal leads to decrease trend of xanthine oxidase activity, uric acid and elevation of Nitric oxide as reversible changes in pre-eclampsia patients within 48 hours after delivery.

Introduction: Preeclampsia is an obstetric emergency for both mother and the foetus with unknown aetiology. Delivery is the only effective way in the prompt management. Due to oxidative stress factors, there is an increased conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase to xanthine oxidase, so there is more production of hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide affects the cell function of trophoblast. Therefore, oxidative stress is one of the causative factor for complications of preeclampsia. Aim: To determine the association between xanthine oxidase and plasma elastase (Neutrophil activation marker) in preeclampsia. Materials and Methods: The case-control study was conducted from March 2019 to December 2019 on normotensive pregnant females and preeclamptic patient categorised as group 1 (control) and group 2 (case) respectively. The level of xanthine oxidase and plasma elastase were estimated spectrophotometrically. To compare means between the two groups, Student’s t-test was used and correlation between parameters were estimated through Pearson’s correlation coefficient. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 60 subjects were included and analysed in two groups 1 and 2 respectively. Neutrophil activation marker (elastase) was elevated 4.5-fold in group 2 (26.81±7.9) but, it was non significant when compared to group 1 (6.02±3.4). Xanthine oxidase levels amongst group 1 was 34.01±38.26 U/L which was significantly elevated in pregnant group 2 patients as 218.78±220.42 U/L with probability p-value <0.05 and positive correlation of r=0.320. Conclusion: Elevated levels of xanthine oxidase adds to oxidative stress and may result in trophoblastic dysfunction in preeclampsia. The situation is convoyed by increased concentration of pro- inflammatory signaling molecules like cytokines such as Tumour Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), activated neutrophils and positive acute phase plasma proteins. Elastase as neutrophil activation marker showed 4.5-fold increase in preeclampsia which shows aggravated inflammatory condition.