Preeclampsia is a multisystem disorder involves altered homeostasis of oxidants-antioxidants, inflammatory process and endothelial dysfunction. The present study aim was to determine the levels of oxidative stress parameters (malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, ischemia modified albumin and xanthine oxidase), nutrient antioxidants (vitamin C and vitamin E), enzyme antioxidants (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase glutathione reductase), total antioxidant status (TAS) and its association with nitric oxide. The study population consists of three groups, non pregnants (Group 1, n = 57), normotensive pregnants (Group 2, n = 57) and Preeclampsia (Group 3, n = 57). Group 2 and 3 were followed after delivery within 48 h. In preeclampsia xanthine oxidase, malondialdehyde and uric acid levels were significantly increased ( < 0.001), while TAS decreased ( < 0.05) when compared to normotensive pregnant and non pregnant. Catalase, glutathione reductase levels were increased ( < 0.005) and vitamin E, super oxide dismutase levels were decreased ( < 0.001) in preeclampsia when compared to normal pregnants. Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis showed area under curve for xanthine oxidase (0.8), malondialdehyde (0.804), Uric acid (0.84), ischemia modified albumin (0.92) and catalase (0.88) which indicated as good markers in preeclampsia. Amongst, ischemia modified albumin is a better marker of intrauterine hypoxic reperfusion risk with sensitivity 87.7 % and specificity 91.2 %. The increased hydrogen peroxide from xanthine oxidase adds to oxidative stress and increased catalase activity in preeclampsia represents combating action. Increased oxidative stress, decreased TAS and its apparent reversible changes evinced within 48 h after delivery in preeclampsia illustrated that placental abnormality is the contributing factor in the pathogenesis.

We noticed a high frequency of MTHFR specifically T allele associated with paternal side.Therefore, the present study indicated the impact of paternal gene polymorphism of MTHFR C677T on screening in couples with recurrent pregnancy loss.

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The forces which had kept the evidence-based medicine (EBM) movement alive and ongoing have altered significantly during this coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 pandemic. There has been discrepancy in the demand and availability of scientific evidence. Deaths of thousands of people including physicians and other health-care workers (while offering COVID-19 care) across the globe have shaken the confidence of the physicians towards the practice of EBM. Journals started publishing in a hurry, incomplete and at times misleading scientific articles, about COVID-19, leaving the physicians in a dilemma about the evidence. The practitioner of EBM has had to turn helplessly to non-documentary evidences to treat COVID-19 patients. Apart from the evidence becoming hyperdynamic and volatile along with a reduction in its quality, the environment got polluted by political interference. In a nutshell, the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the practice of EBM and its acceptance in multiple ways.

Thyroid diseases are the commonest endocrine disorders worldwide. Thyroid dysfunction is 10 times more common in women than in men. Hypothyroidism among women of reproductive age group is linked to menstrual irregularities, polycystic ovaries, recurrent pregnancy loss and infertility The aim of the present review is to provide a comprehensive view of the literature regarding the association of hypothyroidism in reproductive age group women 15-45 years.: A literature search was performed using electronic databases like Pubmed/ Medline to identify from 2000 to 201 8. The search yielded around 18 original research articles. In Correlation of Hypothyroidism with Reproductive Health Problem, the various studies results show that menorrghia is the commonest menstrual irregularity in 27%-72%, next common menstrual irregularity is oligomenorrhea varying from 5 - 26 %. As reviewed from various other studies on association of hypothyroidism with PCOS was found to be between 21% - 32%, Hypothyroidism with Infertility was 22% - 32% and hypothyroidism with recurrent pregnancy loss was found to be 4-15%. In reproductive age women with hypothyroidism have reproductive health problems like menstrual irregularities, polycystic ovarian syndrome, miscarriages and infertility. Hence thyroid function test should be routinely recommended for all women in reproductive age as it helps in early detection of hypothyr oidism that can be treated medically with hormones and is cost-effective. Unnecessary surgery can be avoided in menstrual irregularities like menorrhagia and complications of pregnancy can be prevented which will reduce burden on the health system and society.

Background: Thyroid dysfunction is 10 times more common in women than in men. Hypothyroidism among women of reproductive age group is linked to menstrual irregularities, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), miscarriage and infertility. Several studies are available in the literature reporting regarding impact of hypothyroidism on one or the other isolated problems of reproductive health problems.Methods: This cross-sectional study is conducted including 290 participants having various reproductive health problems attending the gynaecology OPD of a rural based tertiary care hospital of Tamil Nadu during the year 2017-2018.These participants were investigated for thyroid dysfunction and its correlation of hypothyroidism with reproductive health problems viz. menstrual irregularities, Polycystic ovarian diseases (PCOS), infertility and pregnancy loss was studied.Results: It was observed that 80.6% of the 290 participants were euthyroid and 16.97% were hypothyroid, who presented with menstrual irregularities like menorrhagia (28.6%), oligomenorrhea (20.8%), amenorrhoea (21.3%), PCOS (28.6%), infertility (21.6%) and 23.8% hypothyroid women had pregnancy losses of varying number.Conclusions: In present study the occurrence of hypothyroidism was found to be 16.89%. Since hypothyroidism has close association with problems like menstrual irregularities, PCOS, miscarriages and infertility, thyroid function test should be routinely recommended for these women. Thyroid dysfunction can be corrected with simple, cost-effective treatment.  This will help in improvement in pregnancy outcome and also avoid subjecting women for major surgeries for menorrhagia.

Placenta plays a key role in the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia. Placenta removal leads to decrease trend of xanthine oxidase activity, uric acid and elevation of Nitric oxide as reversible changes in pre-eclampsia patients within 48 hours after delivery.

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