Thyroid diseases are the commonest endocrine disorders worldwide. Thyroid dysfunction is 10 times more common in women than in men. Hypothyroidism among women of reproductive age group is linked to menstrual irregularities, polycystic ovaries, recurrent pregnancy loss and infertility The aim of the present review is to provide a comprehensive view of the literature regarding the association of hypothyroidism in reproductive age group women 15-45 years.: A literature search was performed using electronic databases like Pubmed/ Medline to identify from 2000 to 201 8. The search yielded around 18 original research articles. In Correlation of Hypothyroidism with Reproductive Health Problem, the various studies results show that menorrghia is the commonest menstrual irregularity in 27%-72%, next common menstrual irregularity is oligomenorrhea varying from 5 - 26 %. As reviewed from various other studies on association of hypothyroidism with PCOS was found to be between 21% - 32%, Hypothyroidism with Infertility was 22% - 32% and hypothyroidism with recurrent pregnancy loss was found to be 4-15%. In reproductive age women with hypothyroidism have reproductive health problems like menstrual irregularities, polycystic ovarian syndrome, miscarriages and infertility. Hence thyroid function test should be routinely recommended for all women in reproductive age as it helps in early detection of hypothyr oidism that can be treated medically with hormones and is cost-effective. Unnecessary surgery can be avoided in menstrual irregularities like menorrhagia and complications of pregnancy can be prevented which will reduce burden on the health system and society.
Background: Thyroid dysfunction is 10 times more common in women than in men. Hypothyroidism among women of reproductive age group is linked to menstrual irregularities, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), miscarriage and infertility. Several studies are available in the literature reporting regarding impact of hypothyroidism on one or the other isolated problems of reproductive health problems.Methods: This cross-sectional study is conducted including 290 participants having various reproductive health problems attending the gynaecology OPD of a rural based tertiary care hospital of Tamil Nadu during the year 2017-2018.These participants were investigated for thyroid dysfunction and its correlation of hypothyroidism with reproductive health problems viz. menstrual irregularities, Polycystic ovarian diseases (PCOS), infertility and pregnancy loss was studied.Results: It was observed that 80.6% of the 290 participants were euthyroid and 16.97% were hypothyroid, who presented with menstrual irregularities like menorrhagia (28.6%), oligomenorrhea (20.8%), amenorrhoea (21.3%), PCOS (28.6%), infertility (21.6%) and 23.8% hypothyroid women had pregnancy losses of varying number.Conclusions: In present study the occurrence of hypothyroidism was found to be 16.89%. Since hypothyroidism has close association with problems like menstrual irregularities, PCOS, miscarriages and infertility, thyroid function test should be routinely recommended for these women. Thyroid dysfunction can be corrected with simple, cost-effective treatment. This will help in improvement in pregnancy outcome and also avoid subjecting women for major surgeries for menorrhagia.
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